LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 

Shelf ._-_..-.^ -iil 



UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 




i 



HISTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION 



Medical Superintendents 



OF 



From 1844 to 1884, Inclusive, 

WITH 

A LIST OF THE DIFFERENT HOSPITALS FOR THE 
INSANE, AND THE NAMES AND DATES OF AP- 
POINTMENT AND RESIGNATION OF THE 
MEDICAL SUPERINTENDENTS. 



Compiled from the Records of the Association 

^ BY 

JOHN CURWEN, M, D. 

SECRETARY OF THE ASSOCIATION. 



18 85. r^"^:^ 






WARREN, PA.: 

E. COWAN & CO., PRINTERS. 



? 



fie k«- 1 

15 






, 



ERRATA. 



Page i8, line 5, read " or" for "and." 
Page 46, line 13, read ''decease" for ''disease.' 
Page 62, line 21, read "Joseph" for "John." 
Page 79, line 14, read " of" for "in." 
Page 116, line 4, read "such" for "each." 
Page 121, line 2, read " 1877" for " 1874." 



HISTORY OF THE ASSOCIATION, 



To whom the honor of first proposing the formation of this 
Association is due, may be fully learned from a letter written to 
the compiler of this sketch, by one of the oldest and most dis- 
tinguished physicians in connection with a hospital for the in- 
sane (Dr. Francis T. Stribling). 

"About the year 1844, Dr. Woodward, the able and distin- 
guished pioneer in our specialty (then superintending the State 
Lunatic Hospital, at Worcester, Massachusetts), honored me with 
a visit. We, of course, conferred freely as to all that concerned 
the interests of the insane; the organization, management, &:c., 
of institutions for the benefit of this afflicted class was the topic 
on which we dwelt much. At that period, there were compara- 
tively few hos[)itals for the insane in the United States, and as 
we had felt mutually benefited by our interchange of views, it 
was deemed but reasonable that the noble cause would be ma- 
terially promoted by some arrangement to convene at stated per- 
iods, for consultation, &c., with those in charge of such institu- 
tions. If I forget not, it was understood between us that Dr. 
Woodward would, on his way home, have a personal interview 
with Dr. Kirkbride, and that they would, by mail, or othewise, 
confer with Dr. Awl, of Ohio, and probably some others. The 
result was a meeting of medical superintendents, at Philadelphia, 
and the organization of an association, which in my opinion, 
has secured to the American asylums for the insane, a reputation 



and a confidence which the heretofore boasted of institutions hi 
Europe cannot afford to ' look down upon.' " 

The first meeting of the Association was held at Jones' hotel 
in the city of Philadelphia, on the i6th day of October, 1844, at 
10 o'clock, A. M. 

The officers a]:)pointed were Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, Presi- 
dent : Dr. Samuel White, Vice President, and Dr. Thomas S. 
Kirkbride, Secretary and Treasurer. 

It was decided that the Convention should be styled, " The 
Convention of Medical Superintendents and Physicians of the 
Asylums and Hospitals for the Insane in the United States, and 
shall consist of the following individuals and of such other med- 
ical superintendents and physicians of asylums or hospitals for 
the insane as may hereafter be admitted by a vote of the major- 
ity of the members of the Convention," viz: 

Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, of the Massachusetts State Lunatic 
Hospital, at Worcester. 

Dr. Samuel White, of the Hudson Lunatic Asylum, Hudson, 
New York. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, of the Maine Insane Hospital, at Augusta. 

Dr. Luther V. Bell, of the McLean Asylum for the Insane, at 
Somerville, Massachusetts. 

Dr. C. H. Stedman, of the Boston Lunatic Hopsital, Boston, 
Massachusetts, 

Dr. John S. Butler, of the Connecticut Retreat for the Insane, 
at Hartford. 

Dr. Amariah Brigham, of the New York State Lunatic Asy- 
lum, at Utica. 

Dr. Pliny Earle, of the Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, of the Pennsylvania Hospital for 
the Insane, Philadelphia. 

Dr. Wm. M. Awl, of the Ohio Lunatic As3dum, Columbus. 

Dr. Francis T. Stribling, of the Western Lunatic Asylum of 
Virginia, at Staunton. 

Dr. John M. Gait, of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum, at ^Vil- 
liamsburg, Virginia. 



7 

Dr. Nehemiah Cutter, of the Pepperell Private Asylum, Pep- 
perell, Massachusetts. 

The committee appointed to prepare business for the Conven- 
tion recommended the appointment of committees on fifteen 
different subjects ; which was adopted, and the subjects and the 
gentlemen selected to compose the committees were as follows : 

1. On the iNloral Treatment of Insanity— Drs. Brigham, Cutler 

and Stribling, 

2. On the Medical Treatment of Insanity— Drs. Woodward, 

Awl and Bell. 

3. On Restraint and "Restraining Apparatus — Drs. Bell, Ray and 

Stedman. 

4. On the Construction of Hospitals for the Insane — Drs. Awl, 

White, Bell, Butler, Gait and Ray. 

5. On the Jurisprudence of Insanity — Drs. Ray, Stribling and 

Stedman . 

6. On the Prevention of Suicide— Drs. Butler, Kirkbride and 

Earle. 

7. On the Organization of Hospitals for the Insane and a Man- 

ual for Attendants— Drs. Kirkbride, Brigham and Gait. 

8. On the Statistics of Insanity— Drs. Earle, Ray and Awl, 

9. On the Support of the Pauper Insane— Drs. Stribling, Bell 

and Ray. 
.10. On Asylums for Idiots and Demented — Drs. Brigham, Awl 
and White. 

11. On Chapels and Chaplains in Insane Hospitals — Drs. Butler, 

White and Stedman. 

12. On Postmortem Examinations — Drs. Kirkbride, Stedman 

and Gait. 

13. On Comparative Advantages of Treatment in Hospitals and 

in Private Practice — Drs. White, Ray and Butler. 

14. On Asylums for Colored Persons — Drs. Gait, Awl and Strib- 

ling. 

15. On Provisions for Insane Prisoners — Drs. Brigham, Bell and 

Earle. 

16. On Causes and Prevention of Insanity — Drs. Stribling, Kirk- 

bride and Bri'gham. 



Reports were presented from nearly all of these committees, 
and discussions held on the general subjects mentioned, though 
the committees were all continued, with the expectation of pre- 
senting fuller reports at a subsequent meeting. 

In a report on moral treatment, strong ground is taken in fa- 
vor of schools in hospitals for certain classes of patients, as a 
means of mental occupation. 

The foll9wing is of interest : 

Resolved, That it is the unanimous sense of this Convention that 
the attempt to abandon entirely the use of all means of personal 
restraint is not sanctioned by the true interests of the insane. 

Towards the close of the session, it was resolved that the title 
of the body in future shall be, " The Association of Medical Su- 
perintendents of American Institutions for the Insane," and that 
the medical superintendents of the various incorporated or other 
legally constituted institutions for the insane, now existing in the 
United States, or which may be commenced prior to the next 
meeting, be and they are hereby elected members of this Asso- 
ciation. 

It was also resolved that any member or members of this Asso- 
ciation who may be in Europe at the time of the meeting of the 
convention of physicians to the institutions for the Insane of 
Great Britain, be authorized to represent this body at that meet- 
ing, and that the President and Secretary furnish the proper cre- 
dentials. 

The Association adjourned on October 19, to meet in Wash- 
ington, D. C, on the second Monday in May, 1846. 

Dr. Samuel White, the Vice President, died before the next 
meeting of the Association, and from a memoir prepared for a 
subsequent meeting, the following abstract is made : 

Dr. White was born in Coventry, Connecticut, on February 
23, 1777, and pursued the study of medicine and surgery with 
Dr. Philip Turner, of Norwich, Connecticut, a distinguished sur- 
geon in the army of the revolution. He commenced his pro- 
fessional career at Hudson, New York, 1797, and married in 
1799. His practice soon became extensive and he was often 



9 

called especially as a surgeon to a great distance. In i8oS he 
was elected Professor of Obstetrics and Practical Surgery in the 
Berkshire Medical Institution, Pittsfield, Massachusetts, which 
situation, after giving two courses of lectures, he resigned. 

Giving to the occurrence of insanity in his own family, by 
which his domestic enjoyments were interrupted, he was led to 
pay much attention to this disease, and in 1830 he established a 
private lunatic asylum at Hudson, which he successfully cone 
ducted. In 1843 he was elected President of the New York State 
Medical Society, and delivered an address on insanity, which 
presented one of the best synopsis of our knowledge of insan- 
ity, especially of its treatment, which has ever been published. 
In October, 1844, he attended the meeting of the Association, 
but soon after his health began to fail, and he died at Hudson, 
February 10, 1845. 

In his personal appearance he was tall, though slender, his 
countenance grave and dignified, yet he was of a social dispo- 
sition, and a man of pleasing address. He discharged the var-. 
ious duties of a long and active professional life with ability and 
in a truly Christian spirit. 

Resolutions relative to Dr. White, offered by Dr. Brighani: 

Whereas, Since the last meeting of this Association, Dr. Samuel 
\Vhite, of Xew York, the venerable and highly respected late Yice 
President of this Association, has died; therefore. 

Resolved, That b}^ the death of Dr. White, this Association and the 
medical profession have lost an esteemed and valued member, and 
the cause of humanity, a useful 5nd active friend. Particularly have 
the friends of the insane reason to mourn his loss, as he has long 
been successfully engaged in relieving the sufferings of this afflicted 
class of his fellow beings, and, by his labors and his writings, essen- 
tially aided in improving their condition. 

Resolved, That we deeply sympathize with the surviving members 
of his family, and recall at the present time the excellencies of his 
character, his useful precepts, and the worthy examj^le he presented 
of a gentleman, physician and Christian, devoted to deeds of good- 



ness, and whose long and active life was spent in promoting the 
welfare of his fellow men. 

Resolved, That the Secretaiy of this Association present a copy of 
these resolutions to the nearest relative of the deceased. 



At the second meeting of the Association, which was held in 
Washington, D. C, on May ii, 1846, the following gentlemen 
were present : 

Dr. Samuel B, Woodward, of the Massachusetts State Lunatic 
Hospital, at Worcester. 
• Dr. James Bates, of the Maine Insane Hospital at Augusta. 

Dr. Andrew IMcFarland, of the New Hampshire State Hospital, 
at Concord. 

Dr. AVilliam H. Rockwell, of the A'ermont State Hospital, at 
Brattleboro'. 

Dr. Luther V. Bell, of the McLean Asylum for the Insane, 
Somerville, Massachusetts. 

Dr. N. Cutter, of the Pepperell Private Asylum, Massachusetts. 

Dr. C. H. Stedman, of the Boston Lunatic Hospital. 

Dr. George Chandler, of the Massachusetts State Lunatic Hos- 
pital, at Worcester. 

Dr. John S. Butler, of the Connecticut Retreat for the Insane, 
Hartford, 

Dr. Pliny Earle, of the Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. G. H. White, of the Hudson Lunatic Asylum, New York. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, of the Pennsylvania Hospital for 
the Insane, Philadelphia. 

Dr. R, S. Steuart and Dr. John Fonerden, of the Maryland 
Hospital, Baltimore. 

Dr. William H. Stokes, of the Mount Hope Asylum, Balti- 
more. 

Dr. William M. Awl, of the Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus. 



Dr. John M. Gait, of the Eastern Asykun of A^irginia, at Wil- 
liamsburg. 

Dr. J. \V. Parker, of the South Carolina Hospital, Columbia. 

Dr. Walter Telfer, of the Lunatic Hospital, Toronto, Canada. 

Dr. James Macclonald, of the Private Institution, at Flushing, 
New York, and Dr. Amariah Brigham, of the New York State 
Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

The resolution of the last meeting relative to members was 
amended so as to read : That the medical superintendents of 
the various incorporated or other legally constituted institutions 
for the insane now existing on this continent, or which may be 
commenced prior to the next meeting, and all those who have 
heretofore been medical superintendents and members of this 
Association, or who may be hereafter appointed to those stations 
be and they hereby are constituted members of the Association. 

Dr. William M. Awl was elected Vice President, in place of 
Dr. Samuel White, deceased. 

The following resolution was also adopted : That in future 
every regularly constituted institution for the insane on this con- 
tinent may have a representative in this Association; that as here- 
tofore, this shall be the medical superintendent where such officer 
exists ; but in those institutions where there is a different organ- 
ization, it may be either of the regular medical officers who may 
find it most convenient to attend.. 

These two resolutions form the Constitution of the Association. 

The committees appointed at the previous meeting generally 
presented reports which led to interesting discussions, and the 
following committees were appointed on the subjects named : 

1. Treatment of Incurables — Dr. Macdonald. 

2. Is there any relation gbetween Phrenology and Insanity — Dr. 

Fonerden. 

3. The Classification of Insanity — Dr. Earle. 

4. The admission of visitors into the halls of patients — Dr. 

Ray. 

5. Visits to and correspondence with patients by friends — Dr. 

Stokes. 



12 

6. The comparative value of the different kinds of manual la- 

bor for patients, and the best means of employment in 
winter — Dr. Rockwell. 

7. The proper number of patients for one institution — Dr. 

Brigham. 

8. The utility of night attendants, and the propriety of not 

locking the patients' doors at night — Dr. Chandler. 

9. The advantages and disadvantages of cottages for wealthy 

patients adjacent to the hospitals for the insane — Dr. 
Kirk bride. 

10. The relative value of different kinds of fuel for heating hos- 

pitals — Dr. Bates. 

11. Insanity and the condition of the insane in the British Prov- 

inces — Dr. Telfer. 

12. The nature and treatment of insanity produced by the use of 

intoxicating liquors — Dr. Stedman. 

13. The relations of menstruation to insanity — Dr. Fonerden. 

14. Under what circumstances can the insane of the poorer 

classes be properly treated with the greatest economy — 
Dr. McFarland. 

15. I'he effects upon the insane of the use of tobacco — Dr. Cutter. 

16. Reading, recreation and amusement for the insane — Dr. 

Gait. 

17. On water closets in the wards and yards of hospitals for the 

insane — Dr. Bell. 

18. On the construction and arrangement of institutions for the 

insane in southern climates — Dr. Parker. 

The Association adjourned on May 14, to meet in New York 
on the second Monday of May, 1848. 

Dr. Samuel Bayard Woodward was born at Torrington, Litch- 
field county, Connecticut, June 10, 1787 ; studied medicine with 
his father, an eminent physician, and at the age of twenty-one 
was licensed to practice medicine by the medical board of his 
native county, and soon after located himself in Weathersfield, 
Connecticut. When the Penitentiary was moved to Weathers- 
field, he was appointed physician, and held the position so long 
as he remained in Weathersfield. 



13 

He was one of the medical examiners of tlie medical school 
in New Haven, chosen by the State Medical Society. He was 
efficient in establishing th-e Retreat at Hartford. He issued cir- 
culars and made the arrangements to collect the funds. He was 
one of the medical visitors of that institution while he remained 
in the vicinity. He took credit to himself in having secured for 
it its present delightful location. His attention was called to this 
special department of the profession by the occurence of several 
cases of insanity in his own practice, and in that of his profes- 
sional brethren, whose advisor he was. The difficulty of manag- 
ing these cases in their private practice led Dr. Woodward, and 
his particular friend, Dr. Eli Todd, to take the first step towards 
the establishment of the retreat. He was appointed Superintend- 
ent of the State Lunatic Hospital, at Worcester, in September, 
1832 ; went to Worcester in December following, and moved into 
the hospital as soon as rooms could be finished and furnished for 
the reception of his family. He retired on June 30, 1846, on 
account of failing health, and moved to Northampton, where he 
died quite suddenly on the evening of January 3, 1850. 

The following interesting fiicts in his history may also be 
noticed : 

At the age of four yeai-s he went, as was then the custom, to a 
pest house, and was inoculated with matter of small-pox. He 
had the disease quite severely. What was remarkable in his case 
was the fact of his having small-pox twice afterwards. 

At about thirty years old, he was severely sick with a low grade 
of fever, and was delirious ; during which he refused to take 
food, under the impression that his children were given him to 
eat, and afterwards from thinking it wrong to eat, as there was 
not food enough on the earth to support the inhabitants. He 
said he was induced to take food by a stratagem of his father, 
who gave him water, saying to him that the Lord had made a 
great supply of water for all things, which seemed to him reason > 
able. When it was dark his father added milk to the water. In 
this way he was sustained until the delusion passed off. In that 
sickness he labored under a disease of the organ of the vision. 



Those in his sick chamber seemed to m,cve with great velocity. 
Those coming toward him appeared to be coming so fast that 
they would certainly dash against him. He requested them to 
move slowly. This fever left him with an enlarged leg, the veins 
of which were varicose. An nicer came upon the ankle of this 
leg, which was open most of the time. 

He was elected in 1830 to a seat in the Senate of Connecticut, 
and on taking up his residence in Massachusetts, was commis- 
sioned by the Governor as a justice of the peace, which was re- 
newed at the end of seven years. 

His printed literary labors are mostly comprised in his reports 
to the trustees of the hospital of which he had the superinten- 
dency for thirteen years, making in all about six hundred pages 
of large octavo ; a series of articles published in 1839. in the 
^o^XoYv Mercantile Journal, on the subject of an asylum for in- 
ebriates ; Hints to the Young, on a subject forced upon his at- 
tention by a large number of its unhappy victims, of both sexes, 
wdiose forlorn condition overcame his innate modesty on this sub- 
ject, and induced him to publish for their warning these hints to 
the young ; and after leaving the hospital, his Report on the 
Fruits of New England was published by the Agricultural So- 
ciety of Hampshire county, Massachusetts. Besides these, some 
minor articles of his have been printed. He wrote and delivered 
several lyceum lectures. His hospital reports were extensively 
circulated — three thousand copies being the standing order of 
the Legislature. While in practice, his office was for some years 
the great resort for young men who wished to enter the profes- 
sion. It was his rule to attend to his students and hear their 
recitations, in the morning before sunrise. He seldom failed of 
being at his own house punctually at the hour of dining. 

His personal appearance was commanding, and his carriage 
was truly majestic. His stature was six feet two and one-half 
inches, and without the deformity of obesity, his weight was 
about two hundred and sixty pounds. He was erect, and, though 
full in figure, his motions were quick and graceful. Although 
very civil and acceptable to all, he seemed born to command. 
Dignity and ever-enduring cheerfulness sat upon his counte- 



15 

nance, and betokened the serenity and happy state of the feel- 
ings within. • 

Rcsoli.tioiis on tJic Resignation of Dr. S. B. Woodward, off ere d by 
Dr. J. M. Gait, May ii, 1848. 

Whereas, Dr. Samuel B. Woodward, at the present meeting of this 
Association, has tendered his resignation as President ; therefore, 

Resolved, That AA'hilst accepting this resignation, we cannot adjourn 
without declaring our high sense of the services of Dr. Woodward as 
President of this body, and also our full appreciation of his ardent 
and useful exertions for so many years in behalf of the unfortunate 
insane. 



The third meeting of the Association was held in New York, 
on the 8th of May, 1848. Present — 

Dr. James Bates, Maine Hospital for the Insane, Augusta. 

Dr. \Villiam H. Rockwell, State Asylum, Brattleboro', Ver- 
mont. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. A. Brigham, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. C. H. Stedman, of the Boston Lunatic Hospital. 

Dr. Pliny Earle, of the Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. James Macdonald, Sanford Hall, Flushing, Long Island. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia. 

Dr. Joshua H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. N. D. Benedict, Philadelphia Almshouse. 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore. 

Dr. John M. Gait, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, at Williamsburg, 
Virginia. 



i6 

Dr. Wm. M. Awl, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. John R. Allen, Lunatic Asylum, Lexiiigton, Kentucky. 

Dr. Luther V. Eell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, ]Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. 

Dr. A, [NIcFarland, Lunatic Asylum, Concord, New Hampshire. 

Dr. N. Cutter, Private Institution, PepperelL ?klassachusetts. 

Dr. George H. White, Private Asylum, Hudson, New York. 

Dr. M. H. Ranney, Blackwell's Island Lunatic Asylum, New 
York. 

Dr. S. B. Woodward, having resigned his office of President, 
Dr. William ]M. Awl was elected to that position, and Dr. A. 
Brigham, A'ice President. 

Dr. Brigham read an obituary notice of Dr. SamuelA\'hite, 
late Vice President of the Association. 

The discussson covered a great variety of subjects connected 
with the treatment and management of the insane, and the ar- 
rangement of hospitals for their accommodation. 

The most notable feature was the adoption of a series of res- 
olutions condemnatory of the arrangements of the lunatic asy- 
lum on Blackwell's Island, and the recommendation of many 
improvements in the construction and management of the insti- 
tution, most of which have since been adopted. 

A resolution was also adopted strongly deprecatory of the se- 
lection of medical superintendents of hospitals on political 
grounds, "as a dangerous departure from that sound rule which 
should govern every appointing power, of seeking the best men, 
irrespective of every other consideration." 

At this meeting a resolution was passed that the trustees, man- 
agers, or official visitors of each insane asylum on this continent 
be invited to attend the meetings of the Association. 

The Association adjourned on ]May 12th, to meet in L^tica, 
New York, in 1849. 

The fourth meeting of the Association was held in Utica, New 
York, on the 21st day of May, 1849. Present — 

Dr. James Bates, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine. 

Dr. L. V. Bell, McLean Asvlum, Somerville, Massachusetts. 



17 

Dt, C> H. Stcdman, Lunatic Hospital, Boston. 

Dr. N. Cutter, Private Institution, Pepperell, Massachusetts. 

Dr. L Ray, Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. A. Brigham, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. 

Dr. Thomas S, Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for Insane, 
Philadelphia 

Dr. William M, Awl, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr, J. S. McNairy, State Hospital for Insane, Nashville, Ten- 
nessee, 

Dr, C. Fremont, Beauport Asylum, Quebec, Canada East. 

Dr. G. H. White, Lunatic Asylum, Hudson, New York. 

Dr. W, H, Rockwell, Asylum for Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- 
mont. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. J, H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- 
sylvania, 

Dr. E. Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. N. D. Benedict, Insane Department, Philadelphia Alms- 
house. 

Resolutions expressive of the regard and esteem for Dr. James 
Macdonald, and regret at his death, were passed as the first act 
of the Association. 

Dr. Bell read a paper on the disease which has been frequently 
called, from his description. Bell's disease. 

Dr. Cutter read a history of the treatment of the insane since 
1 814, with special reference to his own observations in that dis- 
ease. 

The following resolutions are matters of interest, and were of- 
fered by Dr. Kirkbride : 

liesolved, That it is the deliberate conviction of this Association 
that an abundance of pure air, at a proper temperature, is an essen - 
tial element in the treatment of the sick, especially in hospitals, and 
whether for those afflicted with ordinary disease or for the insane, 
and that no expense that is required to effect this object thoroughly 
can be deemed either misi)laced or injudicious. 



i8 

Resoh'ed, That the experiments receritly made in various institu- 
tions in this country and elsewhere prove, to the satisfaction of the 
members of this Association, that the best means of supplying 
warmth in winter at present known to them consists in passing fresh 
air from the external atmosphere over pipes and plates contain- 
ing steam under low pressure orhot water, the temperature of whicli. 
at the boiler, does not exceed 212° F., and placed in large air cham- 
bers in the basement or cellar of the building to be heated. 

Resolved, That a complete system of forced ventilation, connected 
with such a mode of heating, is^ indispensable in every institution 
devoted to these purposes, and where all possible benefits are sought 
to be derived from its arrangements. 

The following standing committees were appointed : 

On the Moral Management of the Insane — Dr. Awl. 
On the Medical Management of the Insane — Dr. Bates. 
On the Medical Jurisprudence of Insanity — -Dr. Ray. 
On the Construction of Hospitals for the Insane — Dr. Kirk- 
bride 

On Restraining Apparatus— Dr. Nichols, 

The Association adjourned on May 24, to meet in Boston, on 
the third Tuesday of June, 1850, 

Dr. James Macdonald was born at White Plains, New York, 
July 18, 1803, Commenced the study of medicine in 1821, and 
received the degree of M, D. from the College of Physicians and 
Surgeons, of New York, on March 29, 1825, and almost immed- 
iately after was appointed resident Physician of Bloom ingd ale 
Asylum. He remained at Bloomingdale until the latter part of 
the year 1830, when he resigned and commenced the general 
practice of his profession in the city of New York. He was 
sent abroad in the spring of 1831, by the Governors of the New 
York Hospital, to visit the institutions for the insane in Europe. 
He returned to New York in October, 1832, and immediately 
took charge of the Bloomingdale Asylum, where he remained 
until the autumn of 1837, when he again commenced the gen- 
eral practice of his profession in New York city. In the follow- 
ing spring he was elected one of the attending physicians of the 
New York Hospital, which he held for four years, and then re- 
signed. In 1839 he again visited Europe. He opened a priv- 



19 

ale ir.stitution for the treatment of mental disorders, on the ist 
day of June, 1841, at jMurray Hill, but in the spring of 1846 re- 
moved to Sanford Hall, near Flushing, Long Island. In 1842, 
he was tendered the situation of Superintendent of the New 
York State Lunatic Asylum, which, after mature consideration, he 
decliiied. 

He was attacked on the 30th of April, 184S, with severe pleuro- 
pneumonia, and died on May 2, 1849. 

He materially aided in the establishment of the Asylum for the 
Insane on Blackwell's Island, and was ajopointed one of the visit- 
ing physicians in 1847. 

Resoiiitiojis on ihe death of Dr. James Macdonald, offered by Dr. 
Z. V. Bell, May 21, i84g : 



Besohed, That as the first official act of this Association, we would 
give utterance to the profound sensibilities with which we have been 
impressed by the recent decease of our honored associate and friend. 
Dr. James Macdonald, of New York. 

Resolved, That in view of his elevated personal character,his high in- 
telleetnal attainments, his extended experience of nearly twenty-four 
years devoted to our department of professional labor, we deeply ap- 
preciate the breach made in the ranks of science and usefulness by 
his death, and in the premature close of a life of devotion to duty, 
at its meridian, we recognize the hand of a mysterious and inscrut- 
able Providence, to which, however dark, we would submit, in hum- 
ble faith and adoration. 

Resolved, That so important an event in the history of our Asso- 
ciation, as Avell as of that department of professional labor to which 
our lives are devoted, ought not to pass without some more enduring 
recognition of his life and services, and that some member be ap- 
pointed to prepare and publish, and have registered in our annals, 
a suitable tribute to his memory, in a record of his professional life 
and labors. 

Dr. John S. McNairy died in Nashville, Tennessee,. August 18, 
1849, aged thirty-seven years. He was appointed Superintend- 
ent and Physician of the State Hospital for the Insane at the age 
of thirty-one. 



20 

The fifth meeting of the Association was held in Boston, on 
June i8, 1850. Present — 

Dr. James Bates, Insane Hospital, Augusta, ]Maine. 

Dr. Andrew McFarland, Insane Asyhun, Concord, New Hamp- 
shire. 

Dr. Luther V. Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. C. A. Stedman, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. George Chandler, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Mas- 
sachusetts. 

Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Dr. John S. Pjutler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. N. D. Benedict, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. W. H. Rockwell, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', 
Vermont. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, Black- 
well's Island. 

Dr. Heniy W. Buell, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New- 
Jersey. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia. 

Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. William S. Haines, Insane Department, Philadelphia Alms- 
house, 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, 

Dr. John M. Gait, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, 
Virginia. 

Dr. William M. Awl, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. S. Hanbury Smith, Lunatic Asylum, (elect) Columbus, 
Ohio. 



I)r, R, J. Patterson, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, 
Indiana. 

Dr, J. ]\L Higgins, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Il- 
linois, 

Dr, Edward Mead, Retreat for Insane, (private) Chicago, Il- 
linois, 

Dr. John R, Allen, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- 
tucky, 

Dr. John Waddell, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New 
Brunswick, 

Dr, James Douglass, Quebec Lunatic Asylum, Canada. 

Dr. L, A". Bell was elected Vice President, in place of Dr. 
Brigham, deceased. 

At this meeting Dr, Ray brought forward the project of a law 
regulating the legal relations of the insane. 

A large number of valuable and interesting papers on a great 
variety.of subjects connected with the treatment and welfare of 
the insane, and on the arrangement of institutions for their care, 
were read and discussed at this meeting. . 

The Association adjourned on June 22, 1850, to meet in Phil- 
adelphia on the third Monday in May, 185 1. 

Dr. Amariah Brigham was born at New Marlboro, Berkshire 
county, Massachusetts, on December 26, 1798. 

He commenced practice, a youth somewhat short of his ma- 
jority, in the town of Enfield, Massachusetts, where he remained 
two years, and then moved to Greenfield, where he continued 
seven years. He visited Europe, sailing on July 16, 1828, and 
remained abroad visiting hospitals in all the countries he visited, 
about a year, reaching Boston, on his return, on July 4, 1829, 
and in a short time resumed practice in Greenfield. He removed 
to Hartford, Connecticut, in April, 1831. 

While in Hartford he wrote and published the following works: 
Influence of Mental Cultivation on Health ; Influence of Re- 
ligion on the Health and Physical Welfare of Mankind ; a 
Treatise on Epidemic Cholera ; and an Inquiry concerning the 
Diseases and Functions of the Brain, the Spinal Cord, and the 



22 

Nerves. In 1837 he was elected Professor of Anatomy and Snr- 
gery in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York city, 
where he remained a year and a half. He was elected Superin- 
tendent and Physician of the Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, 
Connecticut, in 1840, and in the fall of 1842 to a similar ap- 
pointment in connection with the State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, 
New York. He commenced publishing the Journal of Insaniiy 
in July, 1S44. His health began to fail in the summer of 1847 
(though he had been feeble for two years previous), and though 
benefited by a trip to the South, in the spring of 1848, he never 
fully regained it, and died September 8, 1849, In person Dr. 
Brigham was tall, somewhat less than six feet in height, and very 
slender, his weight, in health, probably not exceeding one hun- 
dred and thirty pounds. His features were well proportioned, 
though rather small than otherwise, eyes of a soft, dark blue, ex- 
pressing more than usual the varying emotions of his mind. His 
hair was thin, of a brown color, and slightly, if at all, gray, at 
the time of his death. His gait was naturally slow, and by no 
means graceful, while his voice was soft, low% and quite melodi- 
ous. As a whole, however, his appearance and manner indi- 
cated, to the observer, a superior and cultivated intellect, a firm 
will, perfect self-possession, a social disposition, and a kind and 
generous heart. 

Res olLt ions on the Death of Drs. Woodward and Brigham, offered 
by Dr. L. V, Bell, Ji.ne 21, iSjC. 

Resolved, That this Association has felt, beyond the power of ade- 
quate expression, the profound solemnity which has been thrown 
around us on the occasion of its present meeting, by the loss of two 
of its members, so prominent in the history of its organization, as 
well as in the records of the provisions for the insane in this coun- 
try, and with still more sensibility, in view of the exalted personal 
worth, the amiable, cheerful and communicative manner, and pure, 
self-sacrificing lives of the deceased. 

Resolved, That the deep and general regret w^hich filled the mind 
of the whole philanthropic community of an entire section of coun- 
try, and circles w^here they were best known, uttered in a thousand 
forms of expression, leaves us in no doubt that their virtues, merits 



23 

aud devotion to great public duties, have been appreciated in a de- 
gree commensurate with their just claims, and leaving neither place 
nor necessity for any long drawn eulogium. 

Brsoh'ed, That notwithstanding the full justice which has been 
done to the public and private character of our distinguished friends, 
we still feel that the members of this Association, more intimately 
and fully acquainted with their peculiar traits of service and sacri- 
fice in our specialty, ought not to be satisfied without a more partic- 
ular testimonial of our feelings and opinions as to our deceased 
brothers; we therefore earnestly and respectfully request that Dr. 
Chandler would prepare, for the next meeting of the Association, a 
biographical sketch of the late Dr. Woodward, and that Dr. Nichols 
perform the same duty as regards the late Dr. Brigham. 

Dr. James Bates resigned his position as Superintendent of the 
Maine Hospital for the Insane in 1851, and is still living at Yar- 
mouth, Maine. 

Dr. John R. Allen resigned the Superintendency of the East- 
ern Lunatic Asylum, of Kentucky, on October i, 185 1 ; moved 
to St. Louis, thence to Keokuk, and, after some years, to Mem- 
phis, where he is now engaged in the practice of medicine (1868). 



Lhe sixth meeting of the Association was held in Philadelphia, 
on May 19, 1851. Present — 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. N. D. Benedict, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia 



24 

Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. William S. Haines, Insane Department, Philadelphia Alms- 
house. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg. 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Dr. S. Hanbury Smith, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. J. W. Parker, Asylum for the Insane, Columbia, South 
Carolina. 

Dr. R. J. Patterson, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. J. Morrin, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada. 

Dr. Pliny Earle, late of Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. J. ly;. Higgins, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, 
Illinois. 

Dr. W. H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, Mary- 
land. 

Dr. George Chandler, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Mas- 
sachusetts. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. M. H. Ranney, Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, New 
York. 

Dr, Charles Evans, Consulting Physician of the Friends' Asy- 
lum, Frankford, Pennsylvania. 

Lawrence Lewis, Mordecai L. Dawson, and William Biddle, 
managers of the Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, and Wil- 
liam Bettle and John C. Allen, managers of the Friends' Asylum, 
Frankford ; Joseph Konigmacher, trustee of the State Lunatic 
Hospital, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and Alexander Cummings, 
W. S. Hansell and T. Robinson, Guardians of the Philadelphia 
Lunatic Asylum, were invited to take seats with the members of 
the Association, 

Dr. W. M. Awl resigned the office of President, and Dr. Luther 
V. Bell was elected President, and Dr. Isaac Ray, Vice Presi- 
dent. 



25 

Rc'sohJioji on Dr, AwV s resignation^ offered by Dr. T. S. Kirk- 
bride, May ig, iSji. 

Resolved, That the members of this Association, on receiving the 
resignation of Dr. Awl, as its presiding officer, cannot allow the oc- 
casion to pass without testifying their full appreciation of his efforts 
as one of the promoters of this Association, and of his varied and 
important services in the cause of the insane, and their regrets are 
increased by the knowledge that impaired health should have com- 
pelled him to cease to occupy the post of active usefulness in which 
he has been so long and so favorably known. 

At this meeting were discussed and adopted the propositions 
on the construction of hospitals for the insane, which have been 
so eminently useful in the arrangement of hospitals to the pres- 
ent time : 

1. Every hospital for the insane should be in the country, not 
within less than two miles of a»large town, and easily accessible 
at all seasons. 

2. No hospital for the insane, however limited its capacity, 
should have less than fifty acres of land, devoted to gardens and 
pleasure grounds for its patients. At least one hundred acres 
should be possessed by every State hospital, or other institutions 
for two hundred patients, to which number these propositions 
apply, unless otherwise mentioned. 

3. Means should be provided to raise ten thousand gallons of 
water, daily, to reservoirs that will supply the highest parts of 
the building. 

4. No hospital for the insane should be built without the plan 
having been first submitted to some physician or physicians who 
have had charge of a similar establishment, or are practically ac- 
quainted with all the details of their arrangements, and received 
his or their full approbation. 

5. The highest number that can with propriety be treated in 
one building is two hundred and fifty, while two hundred is a 
preferable maximum. 

6. All such buildings should be constructed of stone or brick, 
have slate or metalic roofs, and as far as possible, be made secure 
from accidents by fire. 



26 

7- Every hospital, liLvinj provision for two hiindred or more 
patients, should have in it at least eight distinct wards for each 
sex — making sixteen classes in the entire establishment. 

8. Each ward should have in it a parlor, a corridor, single 
lodging rooms for patients, an associated dormitory, communi- 
cating with a chamber for two attendants, a clothes room, a bath 
room, a water closet, a dining room, a dumb waiter, and a speak- 
ing tube, leading to the kitchen or other central part of the 
building. 

9. No apartments should ever be provided for the confine- 
ment of patients, or as their lodging rooms, that are not entirely 
above ground. 

TO. No class of rooms should ever be constructed without 
some kind of a window in each, communicating directly with the 
external atmosphere. 

11. No chamber for the use of a single patient should ever be 
less than eight by ten feet, nor should the ceiling of any story 
occupied by patients'be less than twelve feet in height. 

12. The floors of patients' apartments should always be of 
wood. 

13. The stairways should always be of iron,. stone, or other in- 
destructible material, ami)le in size and number, and easy of ac- 
cess, to afford convenient egress in case of accident from fire. 

14. A large hospital should consist of amain central building 
with wings. 

15. The main central building should contain the offices, re- 
ceiving rooms for company, and apartments, entirely private, 
for the superintending physician and family, in case that officer 
resides in the hospital building. 

16. The wings should be so arranged that if rooms are placed 
on both sides of a corridor, the corridors should be furnished at 
both ends with movable glazed sashes for the free admission of 
both light and air. 

17. The lighting should be by gas, on account of its conven- 
ience, cleanliness, safety and economy. 



27 

i8. The apartments for washing clothing, &c., should be de- 
tached from the hospital building. 

19. The draining should be under ground, and all the inlets 
to the sewers should be properly secured to prevent offensive 
emanations. 

20. All hospitals should be warmed by passing an abundance 
of pure, fresh air from the external atmosphere, over pipes or 
])lates containing steam under low pressure, or hot water, the 
temperature of which does not exceed 212 ° F., and placed in the 
basement or cellar of the building to be heated. 

21. A complete system of forced ventilation, in connection 
with the heating, is indispensable to give purity to the air of a 
hospital for the insane, and no expense that is required to effect 
this object thoroughly, can be deemed either misplaced or injur- 
ious. 

22. The boilers for generating steam for warming the building 
should be in a detatched structure, connected with which may be 
the engine for pumping water, driving the washing apparatus and 
other machinery. 

23. All water closets should, as far as possible, be made of in- 
destructible materials, be simple in their arrangements, and have 
a strong downward ventilation connected with them. 

24. The floors of bath rooms, water closets and basement 
stories, should, as far as possible, be made of materials that will 
not absorb moisture. 

25. The wards for the most excited class should be constructed 
with rooms on but one side of a corridor, not less than ten feet 
wide, the external windows of which should be large, and have 
pleasant views from them. 

26. Whenever practicable, the pleasure grounds of a hospital 
for the insane should be surrounded by a substantial wall, so 
placed as not to be unpleasantly visible from the building. 

These propositions were drawn up by Dr. Kirkbride. 

At this meeting Dr. Kirkbride resigned the office of Secretary, 



28 

which he had held since the organization of the Association, and 
Dr. Buttolph was elected in his place. 

The following resolution, adopted at this meeting, is of in- 
terest. 

Resolved, That it is the duty of the community to provide and suit- 
ably care for all classes of the insane, and that in order to secure 
their greatest good and highest welfare, it is indispensable that in- 
stitutions for their exclusive care and treatment, having a resident 
medical superintendent, should be provided, and that it is improper 
except from extreme necessity, as a temporary arrangement, to con- 
fine insane persons in county poorhouses or other institutions, with 
those afflicted with or treated for other diseases or confined for mis- 
demeanors. 

The papers read and the discussions had were very interesting, 
varied and instructive, and the Association adjourned on May 23, 
1851, to meet in New York in 1852. 

Dr. William M. Awl resigned his position as superintendent 
of the Ohio Lunatic i\sylum on July i, 1850, and resides in Co- 
lumbus, Ohio. 



The seventh meeting of the Association was held in New 
York, commencing on May 18, 1852. Present — 

Dr. Luther V. Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. L Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New 
Jersey. 

Dr. Andrew McFarland, Insane Asylum, Concord, New Hamp- 
shire. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts. 



29 

Dr. C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. N. D. Benedict, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. j\L H. Ranney, Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, New 
York. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia. 

Dr. J. H, Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har-. 
risburg. 

Dr. Francis T, Stribling, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, 
Virginia. 

Dr. S. Hanbury Smith, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. Thomas F. Green, State Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville, 
Georgia. 

Dr. Francis Bullock, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, 
New York. 

Dr. A. Lopez, Hospital for the Insane, Alabama. 

Drs. Henry W. Buell and B. Ogden, Sanford Hall, Flushing, 
New York. 

Dr. J. M. Higgins, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Il- 
linois. 

Dr. George Chandler, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Mas- 
sachusetts. 

Dr. William S. Haines, Insane Department, Philadelphia Alms- 
house. 

Dr. C. Fremont, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada, 

Dr. R. J. Patterson, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, 
Indiana. 

Visitors — E. A. Wetmore, Esq., Treasurer State Lunatic Asy- 
lum, Utica. 

Stacy B. Collins, Board of Governors of New York Hospital. 

A. Munson, Esq., President of Board of Managers of State 
Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

The discussions of the various papers presented were interest- 
ing and instructive, and afier a very pleasant meeting, the Asso- 



30 

ciation adjourned on May 22, 1852, to meet in Ealtimore, Mary- 
land. 

Dr. J. M. Hi£"gins was removed from his position by a new 
board of Trustees of the Illinois Hospital, on June 6, 1853, and 
is still living, engaged in the practice of medicine in Griggs- 
ville, Illinois. 



The eighth meeting was held in Baltimore, Maryland, com- 
mencing on May 10, 1853. Present — 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia. 

Dr..F. T. Stribling, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Vir- 
ginia, 

Dr. N. D. Benedict, State Lunatic Asylum, LTtica, New York. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New 
Jersey. 

Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg. 

Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. John E. I'y^^'"' Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New 
Hampshire. 

Dr. R. J. Patterson, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. Elijah Kendrick, Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. Clement A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, ]\Iaryland. 

Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, 
Maryland. 



31 

Dr. Francis Bullock, Kings county Lunatic x\sylum, Flatbush, 
Xew York. 

Dr. Luther V. Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. L Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. J. D. Stewart, Insane Department, Philadelphia Alms- 
house. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic x\sylum, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, 
Washington, District of Columbia. 

Many interesting papers were read at this meeting, but the 
most important action was the adoption of the proposition on 
organization of Hospitals for the Insane : 

I. The general controlling power should be vested in a board 
of trustees or managers; if of a State institution, selected in 
such a manner as will be likely most effectually to protect it from 
all influences connected with political measures or political 
changes; if of a private corporation, by those properly author- 
ized to vote. 

2. The board of trustees should not exceed twelve in number, 
and be composed of individuals possessing the public confidence, 
distinguished for liberality, intelligence, and active benevolence, 
above all political influence, and able and willing faithfully to 
attend to the duties of their station. Their tenure of office should 
be so arranged, that where changes are deemed desirable, the 
terms of not more than one-third of the whole number should 
expire in one year. 

3. The board of trustees should appoint the physician, and on 
his nomination, and not otherwise, the assistant physician, stew- 
ard and matron. They should, as a board or by committee, 
visit and examine every part of the institution, at frequent stated 
intervrls, not less than semi-monthly, and at such other times as 
they may deem expedient, and exercise so careful a supervision 
over the expenditures and general operations of the hospitals, as 



32 

to give the community a proper degree of confidence in the cor- 
rectness of its management. 

4. The physician should be the superintendent and chief ex- 
ecutive officer of the estabhshment. Eesides being a well edu- 
cated physician, he should possess the mental, physical and social 
qualities to fit him for the post. He should serve during good 
behavior, reside on or very near the premises, and his compensa- 
tion should be so liberal as to enable him to devote his whole 
time and energies to the welfare of the hospital. He should 
nominate to the board suitable persons to act as assistant phy- 
sician, steward and matron 3 he should have the entire control 
of the medical, moral and dietetic treatment of the patients, 
the unreserved power of appointment and discharge of all per- 
sons engaged in their care, and should exercise a general super- 
vision and direction of every department of the institution. 

5. The assistant physician, or assistant physicians, where more 
than one are required, should be graduates of medicine, of such 
character and qualifications as to be able to represent and per- 
form the ordinary duties of the physician during his absence. 

6. The steward, under the direction of the superintending 
physician, and by his order should make all purchases for the 
institution, keep the accounts, make engagements with, and pay 
and discharge those employed about the establishment ; have a 
supervision of the farm, garden and grounds, and perform such 
other duties as may be assigned him. 

7. The matron, under the direction of the superintendent, 
should have a general supervision of the domestic arrangements 
of the house, and, under the same direction, do what she can 
to promote the comfort and restoration of the patients. 

8. In institutions containing more than two hundred patients, 
a second assistant physician and apothecary should be employed, 
to the latter of whom other duties, in the male wards, may be 
conveniently assigned. 

9. If a chaplain is deemed desirable as a permanent officer, 
he should be selected by the superintendent, and like all others 



33 
engaged in the care of the patients, should be entirely under his 
direction. 

10. In every hospital for the insane, there should be one su- 
pervisor for each sex, exercising a general oversight of all the 
attendants and patients, and forming a medium of communica- 
tion bet^^"ten them and the officers. 

11. In no institution should the number of persons in immed- 
iate attendance on the patients be in a lower ratio than one at- 
tendant for every ten patients, and a much larger proportion of 
attendants will commonly be desirable. 

12. The fullest authority should be given to the superintend- 
ent to take every precaution that can guard against fire or acci- 
dent within an institution, and to secure this an efficient night 
watch should always be provided. 

13. The situation and circumstances of different institutions 
may require a considerable number of persons to be employed in 
various other positions, but in every hospital, at least all those 
that have been referred to are deemed not only desirable, but 
absolutely necessary, to give all the advantages that may be hoped 
for from a liberal and enlightened treatment of the insane. 

14. All persons employed in the care of the insane should be 
active, vigilant, cheerful and in good health. They should be of 
a kind and benevolent disposition, be educated, and in all re- 
spects trustworthy, and their compensation should be sufficiently 
liberal to secure the services of individuals of this description. 

These propositions were prepared by Dr. Kirkbride. 

During this meeting the Association visited Washington, to ex- 
amine the site of the new hospital for the army and navy and 
District of Columbia. 

The Association adjourned on May 13, 1853, to meet in Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, 

Dr. N. D. Benedict was obliged to resign his position as Su- 
perintendent of the New York State Lunatic Asylum, to which 
he had been appointed in the fall of 1849. He had previously 
held the office of chief physician in the Philadelphia Almshouse, 



34 

and had commenced and put in operation great charges in the 
insane department of that institution. Since leaving Utica, he 
has resided, on account of his tendency to disorder of the lungs, 
in Florida. 

Dr. J. D. Stewart died on April 12, 1854, in the fortieth year 
of his age. 

Dr. Elijah Kendrick resigned his position as Superintendent 
of Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum on July i, 1854, and for several 
years past has had a private institution near Kew Brighton, 
Heaver county, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Francis Bullock was born at Centreville, x\llegheny county. 
New York, June 22, 1828 ; received his degree of M. D. from the 
College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, in October, 
1849 ; was appointed resident physician of Kings County Luna- 
tic Asylum, at Flatbush, Long Island, January, 1850, which place 
he held at the time of his death, in July, 1853. 



The ninth annual meeting was he!d in the city of Washington, 
District of Columbia, in the rooms of the Smithsonian Institute, 
commencing on May 9, 1854. The following members were 
present : 

Dr. Luther V. Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, of the Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. F. T. Stribling, of the Western Lunatic Asylum, Staun- 
ton, Virginia. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 



35 

Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. John Waddell, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New 
Brunswick. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg. 

Dr. Edward C. Fisher, Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Caro- 
lina. 

Dr. W. A. Cheatham, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Ten- 
nessee. 

Dr. John E. Tyler, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New 
Hampshire. 

Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, 
Maryland. 

Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. C. A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Dr. D. T. Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. Joseph Morrin, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada East. 

Dr. T. M. Ingraham, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, 
New York. 

Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, Black- 
well's Island. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, 
Washington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. William M. Awl, late of Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. Buttolph resigned his office of Secretary, and Dr. Nichols 
was chosen to that office. 

The Association paid their respects to the President of the 
United States, visited Mount Vernon, and also the principal pub- 
lic buildings in Washington, and after a pleasant and profitable 
meeting, adjourned on May 12, 1854, to meet in the city of 
Boston . 

Dr. T. M. Ingraham left the institution of which he was for a 



36 

short time physician (Kings County Lunatic Asykim), to engage 
in private practice in FJatbush, and is now (1868) in practice at 
Flatlands, New York. 



The tenth annual meeting of the Association was held iii Bos- 
ton, ^Massachusetts, commencing on May 22, 1855. The use of 
the Senate Chamber having been tendered to the Association by 
that body, the Association was organized there. The following 
members were present : 

Dr. Luther V. Bell, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts- 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, 
Philadelphia 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. ^ 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. 

Dr. J.iH. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Philadelphia, Penn- 
sylvania, 

Dr. ^V. H. Rockwell, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- 
mont. 

Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. T. R. H- Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. D. T. Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York, 

Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts. 

Dr. C. H. Stedman, Boston, Massachusetts. 



37 

Dr. H. M. Harlow, Insane Hospital, Augusta, Maine. 

Dr. E. S. Blancbard, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, 
Xew York. 

Dr. John E. 'l'}'ler. Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New 
Hampshire. 

Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, launton, Mas- 
sachusetts. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. Edward C. Fisher, Asylum for the Insane, Raleigh, North 
Carolina. 

Dr. C. A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, South Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, 
Canada West, 

Dr. George Chandler, State Lunatic Hospital, W^orcester, Mas- 
sachusetts. 

Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, Black- 
well's Island. 

Dr. Joshua Clements, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton. 

Also, Dr. George Dock, one of the Trustees of the Pennsyl- 
vania State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg, who remained in at- 
tendance till the final adjournment. 

Dr. Bell resigned the office of President, and Dr. Ray was 
elected President, and Dr. Kirkbride Vice President. Dr. Butler 
was elected Treasurer in place of Dr. Kirkbride. 

Resolution 011 Dr. Z. V. BelPs restgiiatio?i, offered by Dr. T. S, 
Kirkbride, May 22, i8jj. 

Resolved, That the Association has accepted with regret the resign- 
ation of Dr. Bell, and that the thanks of the Association be tendered 
to him for the able manner in which he has performed the. duties of 
his station. 

Dr. Ray read his paper on the Insanity of George the Third. 

During this session an invitation was presented by the Mayor 
of the city, to the ^Association, to occupy the room of the Com- 
mon Council, in the City Hall, for the sessions of the Associa- 



38 

tion, which was accepted, and the subsequent meetings were held 
in that room. 

More than the usual number of papers on interesting subjects 
were read and discussed, and the Association was the recipient 
of unusual attention from the city authorities of Boston, to whom 
they were indebted for a steamboat excursion down the bay, 
and to the various public buildings and objects of interest ; and 
also from the officers of different public institutions in Boston 
and its vicinity. 

Dr. Jarvis presented to the Association, in a condensed form, 
the results of the investigation of a commission to ascertain the 
number of the insane in Massachusetts. 

The Association adjourned on May 25, to meet in Cincinnati, 
Ohio, on the third Tuesday of May, 1856. 

Dr. Blanchard remained in connection with the Kings County 
Lunatic Asylum about one year, then engaged in practice in New 
York, and subsequently moved to Vermont. 

Dr. Geo. Chandler resigned his office in the fall of 1855, and 
has since been living in Worcester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. C. H. Stedman, after leaving the Boston Lunatic Hospital, 
settled in Boston, and engaged in general practice, filling various 
public positions with credit and honor, and died on June 8, i866. 

Dr. Luther V. Bell was born in Chester, New Hampshire, De- 
cember 30, 1806 , son of Hon, Samuel Bell, successively Chief 
Justice, Governor, and United States Senator from New Hamp- 
shire. 

He entered Bowdoin College at twelve years of age, and grad- 
uated in 1823, He received his medical degree from Dartmouth 
College in 1826, and subsequently pursued his medical studies in 
Europe. He commenced and pursued the practice of medicine 
and surgery in the towns of Brunswick and Derry, New Hamp- 
shire, with success in both departments, and interested himself 
largely in sanitary and philanthropic measures, tending to the 
elevation of his profession and the general welfare of the peo- 
ple. In 1834 he was awarded the Boylston Prize Medal for a 
dissertation on the dietetric regimen best fitted for the inhabi- 



39 

tants of New England. In 1835 he presented an essay on die 
External Exploration of Diseases, which forms the first third of 
the ninth volume of the Library of Practical Medicine. He 
subsequently put forth a small volume, entitled. Ah attempt to 
investigate some obscure and undecided doctrines in relation to 
small pox and varioliform diseases. He labored earnestly in the 
establishment of the New Hampshire Asylum for thp Insane, was 
elected to tb.e General Court with the special object of urging 
forward this measure, and made a very able report on the num- 
ber and condition of the insane of that State, and the means of 
providing for them. While attending a second session of the 
Legislature and pressing this object, he received very unexpectedly 
the intelligence of his having been appointed physician and Su- 
perintendent of the McLean Asylum for the Insane. He was ap- 
pointed during the latter part of 1836, and entered upon his 
official duties at the beginning of the next year. 

He was an early and earnest advocate for the introduction of 
steam and hot water, and mechanical power, as the proper and 
only suitable mode of warming and ventilating hospitals, and the 
McLean Asylum, over w^hich he presided, was the first institution 
in which a circulation of hot water was successfully employed for 
warm'ing a large inflowing current of air. 

In 1845, on the solicitation of the Trustees of the Butler Hos- 
pital for the Insane, at Providence, Rhode Island, then in con- 
templation, the Trustees of the Massachusetts General Hospital, 
of which the McLean Asylum is a branch, gave Dr. Bell leave of 
absence to visit Europe, that he might, after a comparison of the 
institutions of the old world, be enabled to devise a plan of hos- 
pital embodying all that was excellent and desirable then known 
to the profession. After his return he presented the plan of that 
establishment which has so fully met the highest hopes of his 
friends. 

He was for two years President of the Massachusetts Medical 
Society, and his inaugural address was on Ventilation. 

He S'.ibsequently published a small volume, entitled. The prac- 



40 

tical method of ventilating buildings, with an appendix on heat- 
ing by steam and hot water. 

He was one of the original members of this Association, and 
its President from 1850 to 1855. 

He held the post of Executive Councillor in the administra- 
tion of Governor Briggs, in 1850, and was a member of the 
Committee of Pardons, to which was referred two cases famous 
in the annals of crime in Massachusetts. That of Daniel Pear- 
son, convicted of the murder of his wife and infant twin chil- 
dren, and that of Prof. J. W. Webster, for the murder of Dr. 
George Parkman. He was the candidate of the Whig party in 
the Seventh Congressional District of Massachusetts, in 1853, 
but though receiving a plurality of votes in the first trial, was 
beaten on the second by the union of the two opposing parties 
on the same candidate. 

He was also a delegate to the Convention for revising the State 
Constitution, 

He resigned his position as Superintendent of the McLean 
Asylum in the fall of 1856, the state of his health urging this 
step. In addition to impaired health from pulmonary disease, 
he had lost children one after another, at the most touching 
epochs of parental attachment, and under the highest hopes. 
The death of his estimable wife filled the measure of his domestic 
sorrow. From the McLean Asylum he removed to his private 
residence, in Monument Square, Charlestown. 

Here his life was not a retirement, as he was constantly con- 
sulted in cases of insanity and other cerebral and nervous affec- 
tions, and on questions of medico-legal character. 

At the breaking out of the rebellion, he was among the first to 
offer his services to the Government. He went as Surgeon os 
the nth Regiment of Massachusetts Volunteers, but was soon 
promoted to the position of Brigade Surgeon to Gen. Hooker's 
Division, on the Lower Potomac. 

He died in camp quite suddenly from endocarditis, on Febru- 
ary II, 1862. 



41 

He was known to the older members of this Association as the 
able alienist physician, his great skill in the detection of dis- 
ordered mental manifestations,, by his elaborate description of 
that form of acute mania, so often described as Bell's disease, 
by his genial qualities and his earnest persevering efforts to ad- 
vance the specialty to the highest rank. 



The eleventh annual meeting of the Association was held at 
the Spencer House, in the City of Cincinnati, commencing at 
lo o'clock A. M., of May 19, 1856. The following members 
were present : 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, 
Canada. 

Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, 
Illinois. 

Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. J. J, Mcllhenney, Superintendent elect of the Southern 
Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, Ohio. 

Dr. Joshua Clements, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, 
Ohio. 

Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, Manhattanville, 
New York. 

Dr. J. J. Quinn, Hamilton County Lunatic Asylum, Cincin- 
nati, Ohio. 

Dr. O. M. Langdon, Superintendent elect of Hamilton County 
Lunatic xAsylum, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. John P. Gray, New York State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, 
New York. 



42 

Dr. William A. Cheatham, Tennessee Hospital for the Insane, 
Nashville, Tennessee. 

Dr. Edward Mead, Retreat for the Insane, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. E. H. VanDeusen, Michigan Asylum for the Insane, Kal- 
amazoo. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. G. E. Ells, late of Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Colum- 
bus, Ohio. 

Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. R. C. Hopkins, Superintendent elect of Newburg (O.) 
Lunatic Asylum, Newburg, Ohio. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the 
Insane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, New 
York. 

Dr. VV. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- 
tucky. 

Dr. John E. Tyler, Lunatic Asylum, Concord, New Hamp- 
shire. 

Dr. R. B. Baisely, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, 
New York. 

Dr. S. Hanbury Smith, formerly of the Columbus Lunatic Asy- 
lum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass- 
achusetts. 

In the absence of the President, Dr. Fonerden was appointed 
President j^ri? /em. 

The number of papers read on various subjects connected with 
the specialty was large, and the discussions earnest and interest- 
ing. The plans of the new Institution for the Insane of Ham- 
ilton county, near Cincinnati, were laid before the Association 
for examination, and such suggestions as the members might 



43 
think proper to make. The plans were referred to a special com- 
mittee, who reported various alterations and improvements in the 
plans, and also recommended that the Architect be authorized by 
the Commissioners to visit the different institutions in actual op- 
eration. 

The Association were the recipients of numerous courtesies 
and attentions from the trustees of the different institutions in 
and around Cincinnati, and also from several gentlemen having 
large vineyards which they had full opportunities of examining. 

The Association adjourned on May 22, 1856, to meet in New 
York. 

Dr. J. J. Quinn is still living and practicing medicine in Cin- 
cinnati. 

Dr. Geo. E. Ells died in the fall of 1867, of Bright's disease. 

Dr. R. B. Baisely was the first physician who had charge of 
the present Asylum at Flatbush, into which the patients were 
moved in October, 1855, and remained about eighteen months, 
and then went into practice in Rockaway, Long Island, where 
he now lives. 



The twelfth annual meeting was held at the Metropolitan Hotel, 
in the city of New York, commencing at 10 A. M., on May 19, 
1857. The following members were present : 

Dr. John E. Tyler, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New 
Hampshire. 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Superintendent elect Asylum for the In- 
sane, Concord, New Hampshire. 

Dr. W. H. Rockwell, Asylum for Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- 
mont. 

Dr. Chauncey Booth, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 



44 

Dr, Merrick Bemis, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Mass- 
achusetts. 

Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass- 
achusetts. 

Dr. Clement A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, South Bos- 
ton. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. N. Cutter, Pepperell, Massachusetts. 

Dr. I. Ray, Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. D, Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. J. W, Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, Long Island. 

Dr. Pliny Earle. 

Dr. H. W. BuelL 

Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum, New 
York. 

Dr. John V. Lansing, Kings county Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, 
Long Island. 

Dr. Benjamin Ogden, Sanford Hall, Flushing, Long Island. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New 
Jersey. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia. 

Dr. Joshua H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the 
Insane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore. 

Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, 
Maryland. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Flospital for the Insane, 
Washington, District of Columbia. 



45 

Dr. Edward C Fisher, Asylum for the Insnne, Raleigh, North 
Carolina, 

Dr. R, C. Hopkins, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, New- 
burg, Ohio. 

Dr. J. J. ]\lcllhenny, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, 
Ohio. 

Dr. Vv'illiam Mount, Hamilton County Lunatic Asylum, near 
Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, 
Illinois. 

Dr. E. H. VanDeusen, Asylum for Insane, Kalamazoo, Mich- 
igan. 

Dr. James Douglas, Lunatic x^sylum, Quebec, Canada East. 

Dr. James A. DeWolf, Provincial Asylum for the Insane, Hal- 
ifax, Novia Scotia. 

An interesting incident of the meeting was the presentation, 
for examination by the members, of the photographs of four gen- 
erations of the Tuke family, commencing with William Tuke, 
who took so prominent a part in the amelioration of the con- 
dition of the insane in England, in 1788, 

The plan of the department for males of the Pennsylvania 
Hospital for the Insane, then in course of erection 3 and also the 
plan for a new institution for the criminal insane, at Auburn, 
New York, were laid before the Association for examination. 

After the reading and discussion of many interesting papers, 
and the visiting of the different institutions in and around the 
city of New York, and also the reception of many courtesies 
from various gentlemen, the Association adjourned on May 22, 
1857, to meet in Quebec, in June, 1858. 

Dr. Chauncey Booth died on January 12, 1858, aged 41 years. 

Dr. Booth had suffered under marked pulmonary disease ever 
since the winter of 1850-51. Cavities in one lung were distinctly 
diagnosed as far back as that date, and the evidence of slow but 
continuous progress were manifest until the scene closed. If 



46 

there were ever an unequivocal example of will-power, in sus- 
pending and retarding the certain march of phthisis, it was in 
this case. Looking his symptoms daily in the face, he seemed 
to feel that he had an enemy to be met, and that every foot of 
ground was to be contested w^ith him. As brave as any hero who 
ever faced the cannon's mouth, he never allowed his stern and 
unrelenting foe to gain upon him by intimidation. He kej t 
coolly at work, subverting the approach of the enemy by every 
strategic means which science and experience furnished to his aid, 
but no panic, no disheartening yielding, ever lost him an inch in 
the contest. And as if to determine a victory in favor of the 
unintimidated contestant, phthisis did not win its usually easy and 
certain triumph. Two months before Dr. Booth's disease, when 
the consumptive symptons had scarcely a more prominent place 
than they had had for six or eight years, Bright' s disease set in 
with its distinct features. The noble victim recognized the fatal 
weight of this unexpected ally, and calmly yielded to the over- 
w^helming forces of the combined enemy. 

The immediate approach of death was met in the same spirit 
which had marked the entire onward march of the enemy. There 
was neither bravado, nor boast, nor affected indifference. He 
set his house in order as deliberately as one arranges for a dis- 
tant journey, and when the last moments were approaching, he 
desired that his only child, a boy of some seven or eight sum- 
mers, weeping at the scene, should be removed so as to escape 
the lasting impression of the ph}sical effects of the struggle, "/>/ 
articido 7Ho?'tis.'" 

He had been assistant physician at Brattleboro', Augusta, and 
at Somerville. Ue did not leave much for the literature of our 
specialty. Beginning our work at twenty years of age, he la- 
bored without intermission with us to the close, and he never un- 
til the last two years, when every moment was crowded with 
duties, would have consented to put himself forward as an in- 
structor of others. And this modesty was perfectly sincere. In 
1847 he drew up, and that only by request, an account of an 
epidemic dysentery of some eighty cases, at the Asylum, which 
commanded the highest encomiums of the late Dr.' Fisher, the 



47 
best pathologist of his time and place. Dr. Booth's only hos- 
pital report will stand as a bright memorial of what the man was, 
while, as the trustees in their report indicate, his papers in their 
files demonstrate what he would have been as chief of a great 
hospital for the insane. 

A striking feature of his personal character w^as his eminent, 
social, genial wit, an instinctive power of seizing and grouping 
together the most unexpected and incongruous images, all most 
telling and illustrative of the subject matter in point, yet unlike 
the almost inseperable incident of the ordinary possession of this 
dangerous gift, never leaving behind one sting, or a single al- 
lusion which any party could repeat. 

He went on through life, not merely " without an enemy," 
giving the idea in its stale and well-worn phrase, but absolutely 
without a suspicion of what an enemy might be. 

A remarkable feature of Dr. Booth's character was, that while 
he had never been " in the world," he had as complete and saga- 
cious an idea of its entire system, as if he had plunged into the 
perplexities of trade, the struggles of ambition, and the debase- 
ment of the passions. He passed from the pure circle of the 
family of a Connecticut clergyman, the father as marked for a 
holy simplicity, as the mother was for the traits which character- 
ized the son, into the wards of a great lunatic hospital, thence 
to another, thence to a third, and thence — to his reward. No 
man of the age of forty, in this community, can be found on 
search, who ever passed so few days away from the immediate 
fields of his daily duty. 

"Like all other men devoted to one absorbing pursuit, he had 
his own pet pleasures, his peculiar side avocations, to which he 
loved to steal after every call of duty was over, and in the still- 
ness of the household fireside. Yet few men of that great com- 
pany of those who knew him in the same pursuit as themselves, 
could probably ever have conjectured wherein that specific taste 
would have shown itself. It was in the study of the ecclesiasti- 
cal history of New England. 

The strong point of Dr. Booth's professional character was an 



48 

absolute identification with the insane. If not born within hos- 
pital walls, he had passed his whole actual life within them, and 
never seemed to dream of being anywhere else. No man seemed 
so perfectly to enter into the insane nature of those around him. 

Buried with him in the quiet shades of the Cemetery of 
Mount Auburn was no common measure of that mighty talent 
of dealing with the insane mind, which, as was well observed by 
one of the great masters of our art, ''can be acquired, but never 
can be communicated. It must die with its possessor." 

Resolutions on the Death of Dr. Chaimcey Booth, offered by Dr. J. 
E. Tyler, June 8, 1858 : 

Resolved, That the death of Dr. Chauncey Booth is felt to be an 
irreparable loss to this Association, and that we offer to his family 
our sincere sympathy and condolence in this our mutual bereave- 
ment. 

Dr. Nehemiah Cutter died at Pepperell, Massachusetts, on 
March 15, 1859. Dr Cutter was a native of New Hampshire, 
and a graduate of Dartmouth College. His name had for more 
than forty years been known in connection with the Private Asy- 
lum for Nervous Invalids, established by him at Pepperell, and 
he was also one of the original members of the Association. An 
incident which occurred near the close of Dr. Cutter's life, best 
illustrates the character and ability of the man. In a single hour 
the devouring elements laid in ashes the accumulation of a la- 
borious life. In every sense of the word his occupation seemed 
to be gone. To rebuild for the same purpose would have been 
out of the question. Nothing daunted, however, he assumed 
immediately the long laid aside duties of common professional 
life, and won as a practicing physician, when close upon three 
score and ten, the fresh confidence of the community in wdiich 
he lived and died. 



The thirteenth meeting of the Association was held at Russell's 



49 
hotel, in the city of Quebec, Canada East, commencing at lo 
o'clock A. M,, of June 8, 1858. The following members were 
present : 

Dr. Isaac Ray, of the Butler Hospital for the Insane, Prov- 
idence, Rhode Island. 

Dr. Thomas F. Green, State Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville, 
Georgia. 

Dr. William B= Williamson, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, 
Mississippi. 

Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, 
Canada. 

Dr. W. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- 
tucky. 

Dr. James Douglas, Joseph Morrin and C. Fremont, of the 
Quebec Lunatic Asylum. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. J. V. Lansing, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, 
New York. 

Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mas- 
sachusetts. 

Dr. J. J. Mcllhenney, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Day- 
ton, Ohio. 

Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Phila- 
delphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. William Mount, Hamilton County Lunatic Asylum, Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio. 

Dr. E. H, Van Deusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, 
Michigan. 

Dr. Edward A. Smith, Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. John E. I'yler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 



50 

Dr. W. H. Rockwell, Hospital for the Insane, Brattleboro', 
Vermont, 

Dr. M. Bemis, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. H. M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine. 

Dr. Andrew ]\IcFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, 
Illinois. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York City Lunatic Asylum- 

Dr. Samuel Grimes and Henry Brady, Esq., Commissioners 
of the Indiana Hospital for the Insane, and Governors VV. F. 
Pickney and B. F. Pickney, of the New York City Lunatic Asy- 
lum, were invited to attend the meeting of the Association. 

Dr. Nichols resigned the Secretaryship of the Association, and 
Dr. Curwen was elected in his place. 

Many papers of great interest and value were read and dis- 
cussed ; and under the courteous guidance of Drs. Douglas, Mor- 
rin and Fremont, the members had the opportunity of visiting all 
the public institutions of the city of Quebec, and also all objects 
of interest in the neighborhood. 

The Association adjourned on Thursday, June lo, T858, to 
meet in Lexington. Kentucky. 

Dr. William B. Williamson was removed, during the year 185S, 
from the Superintendency of the Mississippi Hospital for the In- 
sane. 

Dr. J, V. Lansing resigned in 1853, and has since been in 
practice in Albany, New Y'ork. 

Dr. R. C. Hopkins was elected Assistant Physician of the 
Central Oliio Lunatic Asylum in the spring 0^1844, and remained 
there four years. From that time^ till the spring of 1856, he was 
in private practice in Cleveland, Ohio. In April, 1856, he was 
chosen Superintendent of the Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, 
at Newburg, where he remained till December, 1858, when he 
again engaged in general practice. In 1862 he entered the ser- 
vice of the L'nited States Sanitary Commission as Medical In- 
spector, and it was in the labor of establishing a hospital for 



51 

soldiers at Memphis, Tennessee, that he contracted the disease — 
typhoid pneumonia — of which he died. 



The fourteenth annual meeting was held at the Phoenix Hotel 
in the city of Lexington, Kentucky, commencing at lo o'clock 
A. M. of May 17, 1859. The following members were present : 

Dr. James S. Athon, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. J. D. Barkdull, Insane Asylum, Jackson, Louisiana. 

Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass- 
achusetts. 

Dr. VV. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- 
tucky. 

Dr. W. A. Cheatham, State Lunatic Hospital, Nashville, Ten- 
nessee. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. O, C. Kendrick, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, New- 
burg, Ohio. 

Dr. Robert Kells, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. 

Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, 
Illinois. 

Dr. J. J. Mcllhenney, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, 
Ohio. 

Dr. William Mount, Hamilton County Lunatic Asylum, Cin- 
cinnati^ Ohio. 

Dr. F. G. Montgomery, Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkins- 
ville, Kentucky. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, 
^Vashington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. R. J. Patterson, formerly of Hospital for the Insane, In- 
dianapolis, Indiana. 



52 

Dr. Joseph A- Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the 
Insane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri- 

Dr. Nichols acted as Secretary /r*? tern. 

Dr. A. McFarland was elected President, in place of Dr. Ray, 
who resigned. 

Resoliiiion on Dr. Ray's resignation, offered by Dr. C. H. Nichols, 
May jg, i8sg. 

Resolved, That the thanks of the Association be tendered to Dr. 
Ray, the late President of the Association, for his able, impartial and 
dignified discharge of the duties of that office. 

Letters of credit were directed to be given to tlie British and 
other kindred European Associations, by the officers of the As- 
sociation, to Drs. Chipley and Workman, who proposed visiting 
Europe. 

Resoliitio?i o?i the death of Dr. N. C idler, offered by Dr. G. C. S. 
Choate, May ly , i8^g 

Inasmuch as Dr. Nehemiah Cutter, an old and honored member of 
this Association, has deceased since our last meeting, after a long life 
of usefulness, nearly forty years of which was devoted to the treat- 
ment of the insane : therefore, 

Resolved, That in his death we have lost a valued associate and 
friend, whose interest in our Association was untiring and worthy of 
imitation ; whose zeal in the advancement of our profession con- 
tinued unimpaired in advanced age, and whose genial manners and 
benevolent heart endeared him to all. 

Several interesting papers were read ; and the members were 
very courteously entertained by the citizens of Lexington, and 
after a very pleasant meeting, the Association adjourned on the 
19th of June, 1859, to meet in Philadelphia. 

Dr. Mount, after leaving the Hamilton County Lunatic Asy- 
lum, in i860, resided and practiced in Cincinnati, and died in 
Philadelphia, February 17, 1866, from an injury received by be- 
ing run over by a carriage. 



53 
The fifteenth annual meeting was held at the Continental 
Hotel, in the city of Philadelphia, commencing on May 28, 
i860, at 10 o'clock, A. M. The following members were pres- 
ent : 

Dr. James S. Atlion, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, 
Indiana. 

Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, Manhattan ville. 
New York. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. S. W. Butler, Insane Department of the Philadelphia Alms- 
house. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New 
Jersey. 

Dr. William A. Cbeatham, Tennessee Hospital for the Insane, 
Nashville, Tennessee. 

Dr. W. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- 
tucky. 

Dr. George Cook, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Dr. H. M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine. 

Dr. R. Hills, Central C^hio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. O. C.^endrick, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, New- 
burg, Ohio. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, 
Illinois. 

Dr. J. J. Mcllhenny, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, 
Ohio. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. William H. Prince, State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 



54 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed. Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the 
Insane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. VV. H. Rockwell, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', 
Vermont. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts.' 

Dr. John Waddell, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New 
P)runswick. 

Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. Benjamin Ogden, Sanford Hall, Flushing, Long Island. 

Dr. Edward Hall, Asylum for Criminal Insane, Auburn, New 
York. 

Dr. J. M. Cleveland, Assistant Physician of State Lunatic Asy- 
lum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, 
Maryland. 

Dr. E. H. VanDeusen, Asylum for Insane, Kalamazoo, Mich- 
igan. 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Lunatic Asylum, Concord, New Hamp- 
shire. 

Dr. Edward R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat- 
bush, Long Island, New York. 

Dr. L. A. Tourtellot, Assistant Physician State Lunatic Asy- 
lum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, 
Canada West. 

General Allan MacDonald, of Sanford Hall. 

Dr. Joseph Parrish, of Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble 
Minded Children, Media, Pennsylvania. 

Mordecai L. Dawson and William Biddle, of the Pennsylvania 
Hospital for the Insane. 

Dr. H. B. Wilbur, of the Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New 
York. 

Dr. James Rodman, of Kentucky School for Imbecile and 
Idiotic Children. 



55 
Rev. Dr. Samuel Adams, Chaplain of the Eastern Kentucky 
Lunatic Asylum, was invited to attend the sessions of the Asso- 
ciation. 

Many interesting and valuable papers were read and discussed 
during this meeting, and the Association visited the Hospitals 
for the Insane, and a large number of public buildings in Phila- 
delphia, and adjourned on Thursday evening, May 21, i860, to 
meet in Providence, Rhode Island. 

In consequence of the disturbed state of the country, caused 
by the breaking out of the war in April, 1861, the President sent 
circulars to the different members, requesting them to express to 
the Secretary "their views of the expediency of postponing for 
one year, in consideration of the disturbed state of affairs, the 
meeting appointed to be held in Providence, Rhode Island, on 
June II, 1861." 

The answer to that circular showed that twenty-one of the 
members favored postponement, and eight did not, so that the 

meeting was postponed for one year. 



The sixteenth annual meeting was held at the City Hotel, Prov- 
idence, Rhcde Island, commencing at 10 o'clock, A. M., of June 
10, 1862. 

In the absence of the President and Vice President, Dr. Rock- 
well was chosen President /;'<? tern. The following members were 
present : 

Dr. M. Bemis, State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jer- 
sey. 



56 

Dr. G. C. S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mass- 
achusetts. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Andrew Fisher, Maiden Lunatic Asylum, Amherstburg, 
Canada West. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic x\sylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. H. M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine. 

Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. , 

Dr. O. M. Langdon, Longview Asylum, Cincinnati, Ohio, 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the 
Insane, Pittsburgh. 

Dr. \V. H. Rockwell, x\sylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- 
mont. 

Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. E. H. VanDeusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, 
Michigan. 

Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Philadelphia, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. J. H. Woodburn, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, 
Canada West. 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New- 
Hampshire. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, MassachuseUs. 

Dr. McFarland resigned the office of President, and the fol- 
lowing officers were elected : 

Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, President. 
Dr. John S. Butler, Vice President. 
Dr. O. M. Langdon, Treasurer. 

The death of Dr. L. V. Bell was announced by Dr. Tyler, and 
Dr. Ray read a very admirable memoir of the life and services o*f 
Dr. Bell. 



57 
Dr. John M. Gait, for many years Superintendent of Eastern 
Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Virginia, died on May 16, 1862. 

RcsoliMen on the Death of Dr. Z. V, Bell, ojered by Dr. /. E. 
Tyler, June 10, 1862. 

Resolved, That the members of this Association have received with 
emotions of profound sorrow and regret, the announcement of the 
death of Dr. Luther V. Bell, a past President of this body, and one 
of the most eminent and distinguished of the many great men who 
have ever adorned the medical profession. That we desire to place 
upon record our full and grateful appreciation of his able and un- 
wearied efforts and success in diffusing and establishing correct and 
enlightened views of the nature and treatment of mental disease ; 
that w^e are deeply impressed with the remembrance of the dis- 
interestedness, kindness, dignity and purity of his character, of his 
inflexible integrity, and singular moral courage ; of his extraordin- 
ary attainments as a scholar, philosopher and psychologist, of the 
wonderful powder of his personal influence, his rare and remarkable 
attractiveness in social life, and his inestimable worth as a friend and 
associate. That we recognize with unqualified admiration in all the 
acts of his private, professional and public life, the same unwavering 
consistency and faithfulness to his convictions of fight in the face of 
anj^ personal task or sacrifice which led him in the exigencies of the 
day, to give his life to his country, and made him. unconsciously to 
himself, a striking example to us all of pure, ardent, Christian pa- 
triotism. 

Dr. John S. Butler presided at all the meetings subsequent to 
the first. • , 

The Secretary was instructed to furnish Dr, D, T. Brown and 
Dr. R. Hills with a letter of introduction to Superintendents of 
British Institutions. 

The Association w^ere the recipients of many courtesies from 
the inhabitants of Providence, and were granted the opportunity 
of visiting nearly all the public buildings and institutions of dif- 
ferent kinds in Providence, and were also, through the courteous 
attention of the Trustees of the Butler Hospital, favored with an 
excursion to Newport, and an opportunity of seeing all the ob- 
jects of interest in that city. 



58 

The Association adjourned on June lo, 1862, to meet in New 



York. 



The seventeenth annual meeting was held at the Metropolitan 
Hotel, in the city of New York, commencing on May 19, 1863. 
The following members were present : 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New 
Hampshire. 

Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, Long Island. 

Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con- 
necticut. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jersey. 

Dr. E. R. Chapin, Kings county Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, 
New York. 

Dr. John B. Chapin, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 

Dr. W. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- 
tucky. 

Dr. J. P. Clement, Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Wis- 
consin. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, L^tica, New York. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia. 

Dr. Andrew McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, 
Illinois. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. R. J. Patterson, Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant, 
Iowa. 



59 

Dr. M. H. Ranney, New York Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's 
Island. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the 
Insane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. Clement A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, South Bos- 
ton. 

Dr. R. Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, Ohio. 

Dr. O. M. Langdon, Longview Asylum, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Dr. J. Paregot, Yonkers, New York. 

Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, 
Canada West. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

David A. Sayre, Esq., and Dr. H. M. Stillman, Trustees of 
the Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Kentucky, were invited 
to attend the meetings of the Association. 

Dr. H. B. Wilbur, of the Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New 
York, was also invited to attend the meetings. 

Resohtion on the Death of Dr. Hopkins, offered by Dr. R. J. Fat- 
ter son, May 2C, iS6j. 

Rrsoh-ed, That in the death of Dr. R. C. Hopkins, late Superintend- 
ent of the Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, our specialty has lost a 
diligent laborer and friend, and the community in which he lived a 
gentleman who was true and faithful in all the relations of life. 

Resoli:tion on the Death of Drs. Morrin and Frenw?2tj offered by 
Dr. J. E. Tyler, May 20, i86j. 

Resolved, That we have heard, with deep regret, of the death of 
Drs. Morrin and Fremont, of Quebec, members of this Association, 
and are desirous to place upon record our sense of their great per- 
sonal and professional worth, and of the great loss which we have 
sustained by their removal from our counsels. 

The subject of a uniform law on the subject of the legal rela- 



6o 
tions of the insane was introduced at this meeting by Dr. Walker, 
and referred to a committee, of which Dr. Ray was made chair- 
man . 

A large number of papers were read and discussed ; and the 
Association visited a number of institutions for the insane, and 
other charitable objects in and around New York, and adjourned 
on the 22d of May, 1863, to meet in Washington, District of 
Columbia, 



The eighteenth annual meeting was held in Washington, Dis- 
trict of Columbia, commencing at 10 A. M., May 10, 1864, The 
following members were present : 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New 
Hampshire. 

Dr. D. T. Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New 
Jersey. 

Dr. E, R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, 
New York. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Pliny Earle, State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, L^tica, New York, 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Day- 
ton, Ohio. 

Dr. R. Hills, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. W. P. Jones, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Ten- 
nessee, 

Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane,- 
Philadelphia. 



6i 

Di\ J. E. J. Landry, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada East. 

Dr. O. AL Langdon, Longview Asylum, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Dr. C. H, Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, 
Washington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr. J. H. Woodburn, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, 
Indiana. 

Dr. Joshua H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. E. H. Van Deusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, 
Michigan. 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore. 

Dr. J. D. Elbert, Trustee of the Iowa Hospital for the Insane, 
was invited to attend the meeting. 

The Association tendered the services of the members to the 
Surgeon General of the United States, in view of the recent bat- 
tles south of the Rappahannock river, to which the Surgeon Gen- 
eral replied, in a very courteous note, "that should a more urgent 
necessity than now exists render it advisable, the offer would be 
gladly accepted." 

The report of the chairman of the Committee on the Project 
of a Law determining the legal relations of the insane, was read, 
and the project of a law much discussed, and then postponed to 
a subsequent meeting. 

The Association called on the President of the United States, 
and visited the principal buildings in and around Washington, 
including the Government Hospital for the Insane, and adjourned 
on May 13, 1864, to meet in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 



The nineteenth annual meeting of the Association was held in 



62 

the city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, commencing on June 13, 
1865. The following members were present : 

Dr. William S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, 
Kentucky. 

Dr. G. C S. Choate, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Mas- 
sachusetts. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Dr. James R. DeVVolf, Provincial Hospital for the Insane, Hal- 
ifax, Novia Scotia. 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, 
Ohio. 

Dr. R. Hills, West Virginia Hospital for Insane, Weston, West • 
Virginia. 

Dr. W. P. Jones, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Tennessee. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. William L. Peck, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, 
Ohio. 

Dr. John A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. James Rodman, Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville, 
Kentucky. 

Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, i 

Maryland. 

Dr. C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. James Douglas, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada East. 

Dr. A. McFarland, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illi- 
nois. 

Dr. A. E. Kellogg, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. H. M. Stillman, Trustee of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum 



63 

of Kentucky, and Dr. R. H. Storer, were invited to attend the 
meetings. 

ResoIi:tion on the Death of Dr. M. H. Ranney, offered by Dr. G. 
C. S. Choate, Jioie ij, 186^- 

Whereas, It has pleased an All-Wise Providence to remove from 
us Dr. M. H. Kanney, late Physician and Superintendent of the New 
York City Lunatic Asylum, and for many years a member of this As- 
sociation : therefore, 

Resolved, That the intelligence of his death, in the prime of life, 
and at the heighth of his usefulness, has filled our hearts with sor- 
row; that in his devotion to his professional duties, to which he 
finally sacrificed his life, and in his unwavering attention to the un- 
fortunate class under his care, we recognize a character worthy of 
our universal emulation ; that we lament his too early decease as a 
loss to each of us of a warm-hearted friend and brother, to our As- 
sociation of an able and valued member, and to the institution which 
he so long and faithfully served, of a wise and benignant head. 

A number of interesting and valuable papers were read, and 
very interesting discussions took place on them. 

Special notice was taken of a very unjust attack on Dr. L. V. 
Bell, in the Joi(r7ial of Me7ital Science, and resolutions expressive 
of the sense of the Association were directed to be forwarded to 
the British Association. 

The Association was enabled, through the attention of the 
Managers of the Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, 
to examine many of the different manufacturing establishments 
of Pittsburg, and other interesting objects, together with most of 
the public institutions of the city, and the arrangements of the 
Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, at Dixmont, near 
the city. 

The Association adjourned on June 15, 1865, to meet in Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia. 



The twentieth annual meeting was held in the city of Wash- 



64 

ington, District of Columbia, commencing at lo^ A. M., of 
April 24, 1866. The following members were present : 

Dr, R. Abbott, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New 
Hamp-shire. 

Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. 

Dr. S. W. Butler, Insane Department of the Philadelphia Alms- 
house. 

Dr. A. B. Cabaniss, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Missis- 
sippi. 

Dr. W. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- 
tucky. 

Dr. George Cook, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. James Douglas, Jr., Quebec, Canada East. 

Dr. Pliny Earle, State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. W, P. Jones, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Ten- 
nessee. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 

Dr. Wilson Lockhart, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, 
Indiana. 

Dr. J. D- Lomax, Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, 
Washington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. William L. Peck, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Colum- 
bus, Ohio. 

Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for Insane, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. 

Dr. J. A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Byron Stanton, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, New- 
burg, Ohio. 



65 

Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Institution, Baltimore, 
Maryland » 

Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. Charles E. Van Anden, Isylum for Insane Convicts, Au- 
burn, New York. 

Dr. A. H. A'an Nostrand, Hospital for Insane, Madison, Wis- 
consin. 

Dr. C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Judge Edwards, Trustee of the Iowa Hospital for the Insane, 
was invited to attend the meetings. 

The Secretary read the correspondence between the President 
of the Medico-Psychological Association of Great Britain and 
himself, arising from the resolution relative to the attack on Dr. 
L. V. Bell, in the Journal of Mental Science. 

The discussion of the Project of a Law was postponed on 
account of the absence of Dr. Ray, 

The discussion of the proper care of the chronic insane, was 
continued at some length, and after the submission of several 
series of propositions, the following were finally agreed to : 

I. Every State should make ample and suitable provision for 
all its insane, 

2- That insane persons considered curable, and those sup- 
posed incurable, should not be provided for in separate estab- 
lishments, 

3. The large States should be divided into geographical dis- 
tricts of such size that a hospital situated at, or near, the centre 
of the district, will be practically accessible to all the people liv- 
ing within its boundaries, and available for their benefit in cases 
of mental disorder. 

4, All State, County, and City Hospitals for the Insane, should 
receive all persons belonging to the vicinage designed to be ac- 
commodated by such hospital, who are affected with insanity 
proper, whatever may be the form, or nature, of the bodly dis- 
ease accompanying the mental disorder. 



66 

5. All hospitals for the insane should be constructed, organ- 
ized and managed, substantially in accordance with the propo- 
sitions adopted by the Association in 185 1 and 1852, and still in 
force. 

6. The facilities for classification, or ward separation, possessed 
by each institution, should equal the requirements of the differ- 
ent conditions of the several classes received by such institutions 
whether those different conditions are mental or physical in their 
character. 

7. 'The enlargement of a city, county or State institution for 
the insane which, in the extent and character of the district in 
which it is situated, is conveniently accessible to all the people of 
such district, may be properly carried, as required, to the extent 
of accommodating six hundred patients, embracing the usual 
proportions of curable and incurable insane in a particular com- 
munity. 

These propositions were unanimously adopted, except the last, 
and on that the vote stood eight in the affirmative and six in the 
negative. Yeas — Abbot, Cabaniss, Chipley, Earle, Gray, Lomax, 
Nichols and Van Nostrand. Nays — Cook, Curwen, Jones, Kirk- 
bride, Lockhart and Walker, and on the final adoption of the 
resolutions, the affirmative votes were Abbot, Cabaniss, Chipley, 
Earle, Gray, Lockhart, Lomax, Nichols and Van Nostrand. 

The negative votes were Cook, Curwen, Jones, Kirkbride and 
Walker. 

The Association visited the President of the United States, 
the Army Medical Museum, and the Government Hospital for 
Insane, and also several other buildings in the city, and adjourned 
on April 27, 1866, to meet in Philadelphia. 



The twenty-first annual meeting was held in the city of Phi!- 



67 
adelphia, commencing at lo o'clock A, M., on May 21, 1867, 
The following members were present : 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New- 
Hampshire. 

Dr. William P. Beall, State Lunatic Asylum, Austin, Texas. 

Dr. D. T. Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New Jer- 
sey. 

Dr. J. P. Chapin, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Pliny Earle, State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Dr. Edward C. Fisher, Asylum for the Insane, Raleigh, North 
Carolina. 

Dr. John Fonerden, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Mary- 
land. 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, 
Ohio. 

Dr. R. Hills, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Virginia. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia. 

Dr. J. E. J. Landry, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada East. 

Dr. Andrew McFariand, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville' 
Illinois. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. R. L. Parsons, New York City Lunatic Asylum, New 
York. 

Dr. William L. Peck, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Colum- 
bus, Ohio. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Dr. D. D. Richardson, Insane Department of the Philadelphia 
Almshouse. 

♦ Dr. James Rodman, Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville, 
Kentuckv. 



6S 

Dr. Byron Stanton, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Newburg. 
Ohio. 

Dr. L. A. Tourtellot, First Assistant Physician of State Lunatic 
Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. C. A= Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr. Benjamin Workman, Assistant Medical Superintendent of 
Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto, Canada West. 

Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Philadelphia, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. J. A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, 
Dixmont, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. E. R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush,. 
New York. 

Dr. A, B. Cabaniss, Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. 

Dr. J. D. Lomax, Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York. 

Dr. Charles E. Van Anden, Asylum for Insane Convicts, Au- 
burn, New York. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. Charles H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Mis- 
souri. 

Dr. George Brown, Asylum for Idiots, Barre, Massachusetts^ 
and Dr. H. B. Wilbur, Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New York; 
were invited to attend the meetings. Dr. William B. Atkinson, 
Secretary of the American Medical Association, and Dr. John 
Hart, of New York, were also invited to attend the meetings. 

The following resolutions were adopted in reference to the 
proceedings of the Association. 

1. Besolved, That for the present meeting and in the future, it be the 
duty of the Secretary to secure a phonographic report of the pro- 
ceedings of the Association. 

2. That after each annual meeting, he shall forward a copy of sai<l 
report for insertion in the Journal of Insanity, provided that, before 
forwarding it for publication, every member shall have the oppor- 
tunity to revise his reported remarks, and after its publication shall 
be supplied, at his own expense for paper and press work, with such 
number of pamphlet copies of the whole report as he may order. 

3. That in the revision of remarks, verbal alterations alone shall 



C9 

b-0 peniiitted. Xo new matter further tlian this shall be introdneed, 
hut all or any parts of the matter as reported may he suppressed or 
condensed at the discretion of the Secretary. 

4. The report shall be published, if published at all, as furnished 
by the Secretary. 

5. That the expense of reporting the proceedings, and preparing 
them for publication, be defrayed b\' an annual assessment upon the 
members sufficient for the purpose. 

The Association visited in particular, the Pennsylvania Hos- 
pital for the Insane, the Friends' Asylum, and the Insane Depart- 
ment of the Philadelphia Almshouse, and for want of time were 
compelled to decline many invitations to visit various institutions 
in the city. 

The Association adjourned on May 25, 1867, to meet in Bos- 
ton, Massachusetts. 



The twenty-second annual meeting was held at the American 
House, in the city of Boston, commencing on June 2, 1868. 
The following members were present : 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, New Hampshire Asylum for the Insane, 
Concord, New Hampshire. 

Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New 
Jersey. 

Dr. Edward R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat- 
bush, Long Island, New York. 

Dr. W. S. Chipley, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- 
tucky. 

Dr. G. C. S. Choate, Taunton Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, 
Massachusetts. 



70 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Pliny Earle, Northampton Liuiatic Asylum, Northampton, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. H. jNI. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, Maine. 

Dr. R. Hills, West Virginia Hospital for the Insane, Weston, 
West Virginia. 

Dr. C. H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. W. P. Jones, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Ten- 
• nessee. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia. 

Dr. C. H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. R. L. Parsons, City Lunatic Asylum, New York City. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pa. 

Dr. Mark Ranney, Iowa Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant, 
Iowa. 

Dr. D. D. Richardson, Insane Department Philadelphia Alms- 
house. 

Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. Samuel E. Shantz, Minnesota Hosj^itd for the Insane, St. 
Peter, Minnesota. 

Dr. A. Marvin Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Mid- 
dletown, Connecticut. 

Dr. Byron Stanton, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, New- 
burg, Ohio. 

Dr. F. T. Stribling, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, IMassachu- 
setts. 

Dr. C. A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, South Boston, 
Massachusetts. 



71 

Dr. Jos. Draper, \Vorcester Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Mass- 
achusetts. 

Dr. R. Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, Ohio. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. W. Lockhart, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. Joseph D. Lomax, Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York. 

Dr. Charles A. Lee, Delegate of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation, 

Dr. A. W. McClure, Trustee of Iowa Hospital for the Insane. 

Samuel D. Sewall, Trustee of the AVorcester Lunatic Hospital, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. Henry L. Sabin, '^I'rustee of the Lunatic Hospital, North- 
ampton, Massachusetts. 

Dr. George Brown, Asylum for Idiots, Barre, Massachusetts. 

The principal business of the Association was the discussion 
and adoption of a Project of Law for determining the legal re- 
lations of the Insane. 

The Association also adopted a memorial to the Congress of 
the United States in favor of relieving from political disabilities 
the Superintendents of the Hospitals for the Insane in the States 
lately in rebellion. 

Dr. C. A. Walker read a memoir of the late Dr. Charles H. 
Stedman. 

The Association visited all the institutions for the insane in 
Boston, and also several of the Hospitals for general diseases, and 
other institutions, and received many courtesies from the officers 
and trustees of the principal institutions for the insane, and also 
the officers of Harvard College. 

Samuel E. Shantz, M. D.,died at St. Peter, Minnesota, on 

August 2 2, 1868. 

He was born in Waterloo township, Canada, received his edu- 
cation at the University of Toronto and at Harvard, where he 
finished his medical course ; was for several years a surgeon in 
the army in Virginia during the rebellion, and afterwards Second 
Assistant Physician in the New York State Lunatic Asylum, at 



72 

Utica, whence he was called in 1866, to become Superintendent 
of the Minesota State Hospital for Insane at St. Peter. 

He was engaged in directing the erection of the hospital at St. 
Peter, when he was attacked with typhoid fever, and died in the 
fourth week of his sickness. 

"He was a member of the Episcopal Church. He had mar- 
ried an accomplished and most estimable lady of Utica, New 
York, only about three months previous to his death. His life 
was gentle and pure, and his end was peace." 



History of the Project of the Law for regulating the Legal Relations 
0/ the Insane, recommended by the Association of Med- 
ical Si/perintendeiits of American Insti- 
tutions for the Insane. 

The very serious deficiencies in the existing laws respecting 
insanity and the insane, have frequently been the subject of dis- 
cussion, in the meetings of the "Association of Medical Super- 
intendents of American Institutions for the Insane," and the 
necessity acknowledged of some legislation that should fully meet 
the requirements of the case. It became a prevalent sentiment 
that it was incumbent on the Association to publish its views on 
this subject, for the reason that no other class of persons is so 
well acquainted with the consequences of the present legislation, 
or, rather, want of legislation, or so well fitted by its habitual 
pursuits, to suggest the appropriate measures. It must be re- 
garded as a fundamental principle, that the laws respecting in- 
sanity should be in accordance with the present state of our 
knowledge concerning it, which is far more ample and certain 
than that which existed two hundred years ago and still continues 
to determine, more or less, the opinions of legislators and Judges. 
In respect to some of the relations of the insane, even that of 
their admission into and discharge from hospitals and asylums, 
the law in some States is entirely silent ; and in respect to some 
others, the law is not in accordance with the most enliglitened 
views of the disease, or the best welfare of the insane. As might 



/5 
be supposed, this state of things has occasioned, of late years, 
much public dissatisfaction, one of the worst effects of which 
has been to debar many from enjoying the benefits of those in- 
stitutions which have proved to be the best adapted, of all exist- 
ing instrumentalities, for the cure, or custody, of the insane. 

At the meeting of the Association in New York, May, 1S63, 
a committee was appointed to examine the whole subject and 
make special inquiry as to the legislation which the case requires. 
The committee consisted of one from each State, viz : Drs, 
Harlow, of Maine ; Bancroft, of New Hampshire ; Rockwell, of 
Vermont ; Jarvis, of Massachusetts ; Ra}^ of Rhode Island ,; 
Butler, of Connecticut ; Gray, of New York ; Buttolph, of New 
Jersey; Curwen, of Pennsylvania; Fonerden, of Maryland; 
Nichols, of the District of Columbia ; Gundry, of Ohio ; Wood- 
burn of Indiana ; McFarland, of Illinois ; Van Deusen, of Mich- 
igan ; Clement, of Wisconsin ; Patterson, of Iowa ; Smith, of 
Missouri ; Chipley, of Kentucky; Jones, of Tennessee, and Work- 
man, of Canada and the British Provinces. At the next meeting 
of the Association, in Washington, in May, 1864, the Committee 
reported, through its chairman. Dr. Ray, which report was ac- 
companied by the Project of a General Law for regulating the 
most important relations of the Insane, After considerable dis- 
cussion, the further consideration of the subject was jDostponed 
to the next meetins^, but owing to the absence of the chairman, 
it was not resumed until the last meeting of the Association, in 
Boston, June, 1868. Then it was again most thoroughly dis- 
cussed ; the various sections— most of them more or less mod- 
ified—adopted with little dissent, one after another, and finally 
adopted as a whole, with the accompanying preamble, unani' 
mously. 

It may be well to anticipate an objection that may be made to 
cne feature of this project, viz : that the Association has gone 
beyond its proper province in prescribing the rule of law ap- 
plicable to certain cases, and thereby usurping the functions of 
the lawyer. The objection assumes — what we are not willing to 
grant — that these cases are exclusively questions of law, to be 
determined without any reference to their medical aspects. If 



74 

insanity is a disease, the laws respecting;- it must be framed in di:e 
accordance witli its influence on the mental condition, as ob- 
served by medical men. Framed upon any other principle, they 
can only be arbitrary and capricious, reflecting the learning ot 
the past, or the current notions of the present, and consequently 
subject to change and uncertainty. If the opinions of medical 
men, on questions of insanity, are entitled to any weight what- 
ever, they cannot be restricted to this or that particular point, 
but must be received for what ti-.cy are worth, wherever they can 
be su;,i)csc;d to throw any light en the mental condition, Tnere- 
fore, the law respecting the effect of insanity on wills, and con- 
tracts, should reflect our actual knowledge of the disease no less 
than that respecting its eff'ect on criminal acts. It cannot be 
denied that, under the rules of law accepted in our courts, de- 
cisions on these subjects have been rendered greatly at variance 
with those views of mental disease which have resulted from the 
larger observation, and more exact inquiry of our ow^n time. 
The Association has only acted u])on the self-evident princi])\e 
that the effect of insanity on the mental operations, is a profes- 
sional question, whether it has reference to criminal, or civil acts. 

The Project of a General Law, as finally adopted, was endorsed 
by every member of the Association then present, and therefore 
is free from any distrust that might have attached to it, had it 
been adopted by a bare majority of votes. Embodying, as it 
does, only those conclusions in regard to which there could be 
no diversity of opinion, there is no presumption in claiming for 
it an authority that ought to be felt in all future legislation on 
the subject. If it be objected that the peculiar vocation of the 
members gave them a bias against the conclusions of those who 
regard the subject from other and very different points of view, 
the Association is ready, no doubt, to acknowledge the correct- 
ness of the objection, if it means that bias which springs from 
extraordinary opportunities for observing the consequences of 
the present legal deficiencies, and from that habit of mind and 
pursuit, which best enables one to devise the appropriate remedy 
for a practical evil. For it must be considered that the profes- 
sional experience of most of these men extends over a period of 



75 
many years — of a quarter of a century, or more, perhaps — and 
that the circumstances of their calh'ng have made them well ac- 
quainted with the opinions and feelings of the sane, as well as 
the insane, with the grievances suffered by both, and the require- 
ments that both demand. Any bias, therefore, which results 
from superior knowledge, should be welcomed, rather than made 
a matter of reproach, unless we adopt the principle that in all 
inquiries after the truth, the knowledge of one man may be 
fairly offset by the ignorance of another. 

In preparing the following legal provisions, the Association has 
aimed at such an adjustment of the rights, and duties, the abili- 
ties and disabilities, both of the insane and of all others, di- 
rectly, or indirectly connected with them, as is consistent with 
exact justice to all, and the highest welfare of the insane, avoid- 
ing, if possible, on the one hand, the charge of excessive in- 
dulgence towards the insane, and on the other of unduly strength- 
ening and extending the control of the family, or the public. 
There is a small class of persons in the community to whom the 
conclusions of the Association will be highly unsatisfactory — to 
whom the alleged grievances seem to recjuire extreme remedies, 
meaning, thereby, measures that, while they prevent a conting- 
ent and very limited evil, inflict a positive harm, and one of 
indefinite extent. It has seemed to the Association, however, 
that all sound legislation should be directed towards the common, 
not the exceptional cases, and affect a greatly preponderating 
balance of good. Besides, the trouble in question cannot be 
reached by statutes, or legal processes. Positive wrongs may be 
abated by legislation, but not so that popular sensitiveness Avhich 
springs from ignorance, prejudice, unreasonable suspicion, or 
constitutional distrust. It can be removed only by a removal of 
the cause in which it originates. 

With these introductory remarks, the Association submits the 
accompanying I^roject of a Law, in the hope that to every intel- 
ligent and unprejudiced mind, it will appear well calculated to 
accomplish the proposed object in the manner most consistent 
with the teachings of science, the demands of justice, and the 
claims of humanity. 



iLkiL 



76 

Froject of the Law. 

The Association of Medical Superintendents of American In- 
stitutions for the Insane, believing that certain relations of the 
insane should be regulated by statutory enactments calculated to 
secure their rights and also the rights of those entrustetl with 
their care, or connected with them by ties of relation, or friend- 
ship, as well as to promote the ends of justice, and enforce the 
claims of an enlightened humanity, for this purpose recommend 
that the following legal provisions be adopted by every State 
whose existing laws do not, already, satisfactorily provide for 
these great ends : 

1. Insane persons may be placed in a hospital for the insane 
by their legal guardians, or by their relatives, or friends, in case 
they have no guardians ; but never without the certificate of one 
or more reputable physicians, after a personal examination, made 
within one w^eek of the date thereof; and this certificate to be 
duly acknowledged before some magistrate, or judicial officer, 
who shall certify to the genuineness of the signature, and to the 
respectability of the signer, 

2. Insane persons may be placed in a hospital, or other suit- 
able place of detention, by order of a magistrate, who, after 
proper inquisition, shall find that such persons are at large, and 
dangerous to themselves or others, or require hospital care and 
treatment, while the fact of their insanity shall be certified by 
one, or more, reputable physicians, as specified in the preceding 
section. 

3. Insane persons may be placed in a hospital, by order of any 
high judicial officer, after the following course of proceedings, 
viz: on statement in writing, of any respectable person, that a 
certain person is insane, and that the welfare of himself, or of 
others, requires his restraint, it shall be the duty of the judge to 
appoint, immediately, a commission, who shall inquire into and 
report upon, the facts of the case. If, in their opinion, it is a 
suitable case for confinement, the judge shall issue his warrant 
for such disposition of the insane person as will secure the ob- 
jects of the measure. 



77 
4- The commission provided for in the last section^ shall be 
composed of not less than three nor more than four persons, one 
of whom, at least, shall be a physician and another a lawyer. In 
their inquisition they shall hear such evidence as may be offered 
touching the merits of the case, as well as the statements of the 
party complained of, or of his counsel. The ]xarty shall have 
seasonable notice of the {proceedings, and the judge is authorized 
to have him placed in suitable custody while the inquisition is 
pending. 

5. On a written statement being addressed, by some respect- 
able person, to any high judicial officer, that a certain person, 
then confined in a hospital for the insane, is not insane, snd is 
thus unjustly deprived of his liberty, the judge, at his descretion, 
shall appoint a commission of not less than three, nor more than 
four, persons, one of whom, at least, shall be a ph^'sician, and 
another a lawyer, who shall hear such evidence as may be offered 
touching the merits of the case, and, without summoning the 
party to meet them, shall have a personal interview with him, so 
managed as to prevent him, if possible, from suspecting its ob- 
jects. They shall report their proceedings to the judge, and if, 
in their opinion, the party is not insane, the judge shall issue an 
order for his discharge. 

6. If the officers of any hospital shall wish for a judicial ex- 
amination of a person in their charge, such examination shall 
be had in the manner provided in the fifth section. 

7. The commission provided for in the fifth section shall not 
be repeated, in regard to the same party, oftener than. once in 
six months ; and in regard to those placed in a hospital under the 
third section, such commission shall not be appointed within the 
first six months of their residence therein. 

8. Persons placed in a hospital under the first section of this 
act, may be removed therefrom by the party who placed them 
in it. 

9. Persons placed in a hospital under the second section of 
this act, may be discharged by the authorities in whom the gov- 
ernment of the hospital is vested. 



7S 

10. All persons whose legal status is that of })anpe:"s, rnay be 
placed in a hospital for the insane, by the municipal authorities 
who have charge of them, and may be removed by the same au- 
thority, the fact of insanity being established as in the first sec- 
tion. 

11. On statement, in writing, to any high judicial officer, by 
some friend of the party, that a certain party, placed in a hos- 
pital under the third section, is losing his bodily health, and that 
consecjuently his \\ elfare would be j)romoted by his discharge ; or 
that his mental disease has so far changed its character as to ren- 
der his further confinement unnecessary, the judge shall make 
suitable inquisition into the merits of the case, and according to 
its result, may or may not, order the discharge of the party. 

12. Persons placed in any hospital for the insane, may be re- 
moved therefrom, by parties who have become responsible for the 
payment of their expenses ; provided that such obligation was the 
result of their own free act and accord, and not of the operation 
of law, and that its terms require the removal of the patient in 
order to avoid further responsibility. 

13. Insane persons shall not be made responsible for criminal 
acts in a criminal suit, unless such acts sliall be j)roved not to 
have been tlie result, directly, or indirectly, of insanity. 

14. Insane persons shall not be tried for any criminal act dur- 
ing the existence of their insanity \ and for settling this issue, 
one of the judges of the court by which the })arty is to be tried, 
shall appoint a commission, consisting of not less than three, nor 
more than five, persons, all of whom shall be physicians, and one, 
at least, if possible, an expert in insanity, who shall examine the 
accused, hear the evidence that may be offered touching the case, 
and report their proceedings to the judge, with their o]Dinions 
respecting his mental condition. If it be their opinion that he 
is not insane, he shall be brought to trial ; but if they consider 
him insane, or are in doubt respecting his mental condition, the 
judge shall order him to be placed in some hospital for the in- 
sane, or some other place favorable for a scientific observation of 
his mental condition. The person to whose custody he may be 



79 

commitLed. shall re[)ort to the judge respecting his mental con- 
dition, previous to the next term of court ; and if such report is 
not satisfactory, the judge shall appoint a commission of inquiry, 
in the manner just mentioned, whose opinion shall be followed 
by the same. proceedings as in the first instance. 

15. Whenever any person is acquitted, in a criminal suit, on 
the ground of insanity, the jury shall declare this fact in their 
verdict :an(l the court shall order the prisoner to be committed 
to some place of confinement, for safe keeping, or treatment, 
there to be retained until he may be discharged in the manner 
}jrovided in the next section. 

16. If any judge of the highest court having original jurisdic- 
tion, shall be satisfied, by the evidence presented to him, that the 
prisoner has recovered, and that the paroxysm in insanity in 
which the criminal act was committed, was the first and only one 
he had ever experienced, he may order his unconditional dis- 
charge ; if, however, it shall appear that such paroxysm of insan- 
ity was preceded by at least one other, then the court may, in its 
discretion, appoint a guardian of his person, and to him commit 
the care of the prisoner, said guardian giving bonds for any 
damage his ward may commit : Provided, always, That in case of 
homicide, or attempted homicide, the prisoner shall not be dis- 
charged, unless hy the unanimous consent of the Superintendent 
and the managers of the hospital, and the court before which he 
was tried. 

17. If it shall be made to appear to any judge of the supreme 
judicial court, or other high judicial officer, that a certain insane 
person is manifestly suffering from the want of proper care, or 
treatment, he shall order such person to be placed in some hos- 
pital for the insane, at the expense of those who are legally bound 
to maintain them. 

18. Application for the guardianship of an insane person shall 
be made to the judge of probate, or judge having similar juris- 
diction, who, after a hearing of the parties, shall grant the 
measure, if satisfied that the person is insane, and incapable of 
managing his affairs discreetly. Seasonable notice shall be 



So 

given to the person who is the object of the measure, if at large. 
and if under restraint, to those having charge of him ; but his 
presence in court, as well as the reading of the notice to him, 
may be dispensed with, if the court is satisfied that such reading, 
or personal attendance, would ])robab]y be detrimental to his 
mental, or bodily health. I'he removal of the guardianship shall 
be subjected to the same mode of procedure as its appointment. 

19. Insane persons shall be made responsible, in a civil suit, 
for any injury they may commit upon the person, or property of 
others ; reference being had in regard to the amount of damages, 
to the pecuniary means of both parties, to the provocation sus- 
tained by the defendant, and any other circumstance which, in a 
criminal suit, would furnish ground for mitigation of punish- 
ment. 

20. The contracts of the insane shall not be valid, unless it 
can be shown, either that such acts were for articles of necessity, 
or comfort, suitable to the means and condition of the party, o^ 
that the other party had no reason to suspect the existence of any 
mental impairment and that the transaction exhibited no .marks 
of unfair advantage. 

21. A will may be invalidated on the ground of the testator's 
insanity, provided it be proved that he was incapable of under- 
standing the nature and consequences of the transaction, or 
of appreciating the relative values of property, or of remem- 
bering and calling to mind all the heirs-at-law, or of resist- 
ing all attempts to substitute the will of others for his own. A 
will may also be invalidated on the ground of the testator's in- 
sanity, provided it be proved that he entertained delusions 
respecting any heirs-at-law, calculated to produce unfriendly 
feeling towards them. 



The twenty-third annual meeting was held at Staunton, Vir- 



8i 

ginia, commencing on June 15, 1869. The following membei-s 
were present : 

Dr. D, R. Brewer, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, 
\'irginia. 

Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York City. 

Dn John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
licut. 

Dr. A, B. Cabanis-s, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Missis^ 
sippi. 

Dr. Edward R, Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat- 
bush, New York. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr, F, T. Fuller, Assistant Ph}^ician Insane Asylum, Raleigh, 
North Carolina. 

Dr, B. Graham, State Lunatic Asylum, Austin, Texas. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. Edward Jar vis, Dorchester, Massachusetts, 

Dr. Henry Landor, Maiden Asylum, Amherstburg, Ontario. 

Dr. Alexander S. McDill, State Hospital for the Insane, Mad- 
ison, Wisconsin. 

Dr. Edward Mead, Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Dr, Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the In- 
sane, Washington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. R. Hills, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Virginia. 

Dr. C. H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr, W, P. Jones, Hospital for the Insane,^ Nashville, Ten- 
iiessee. 

Dr. Thomas S, Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. James Rodman, Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville. 
Kentucky, 

Dr, Francis T. Stribling, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, 
Virginia, 

Dr. A. M. Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Middle- 
town, Connecticut. 



82 

Dr. John E. Tyler, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr. Joseph Workman, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, Toronto - 
Ontario. 

Dr. Walker, after a few remarks in reference to the cause of 
the death of Dr. Fonerden, offered the following resolutions, 
which were unanimously adopted; 

Resolved, That in the death of Dr. John Fonerden, Superintend- 
ent of the Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, this Association has lost 
one of its early and valued members, the cause a tried and faithful 
supporter, the community a Christian gentleman, and ourselves a 
genial and true-hearted friend. 

Resolved, That we sympathize with the managers of the Maryland 
Hospital for the Insane, in the loss of their devoted, long-serving 
and judicious superintendent. 

Resolved, That our hearts ache for his stricken family in their sud- 
den and great bereavement. 

Dr. Gray offered the following resolution in regard to the death 
of Dr. Shantz : 

Whereas since the last meeting of this Association, Dr. Samuel E. 
Shantz, Superintendent of the Minnesota Hospital for the Insane.' 
one of its members has been called away by death ; therefore, 

Resolved, That, while lamenting his early death, and while recog- 
nizing in the sad event the hand of God, whose ways are not as 
man's ways, and who alone doeth all things well, we desire to ex- 
press and record our sense of the loss to the Medical Profession and 
to this Association of a young man of promise at the very outset of 
a career of honor and usefulness. 

Resolved, That we hereby tender to his early bereaved wife and to 
his family our profound sympathy in their deep affliction, and that 
the Secretary of the Association be directed to transmit to Mrs. 
Shantz and to the family of our late associate, a copy of these reso- 
lutions. 

These were unanimously adopted. 

Dr. Workman offered the following resolution on the death of 
Dr. I. P. Litchfield, which was unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That this Association, having learned of the death of Dr. 



I, P. Litchfield, Superintendent of the Rockwood Asylum, Canada 
West, desires to record its appreciation of the vahiable administra- 
tive qualities evinced by him in the discharge of his official duties, 
and to express to his widow, its sincere condolence in the bereave- 
ment to which she has been subjected by this dispensation of Prov- 
idence. 

Dr. Stribling was appointed to prepare a biographical sketch 
of Dr. Fonerden ; Dr. Workman of Dr. Shantz, and Dr. Lan- 
dor of Dr. Litchtield. 

An invitation was received from the Association to attend the 
laying of the corner stone of the State Hospital for the Insane, 
at Danville, Pennsylvania, on August 26, 1869, 

Dr. Robert Reyburn, delegate of the American Medical Asso- 
ciation, and Surgeon John Moore, United States Army, Presi- 
dent of the Board of Directors of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum, 
Williamsburg, Virginia, were introduced by the President. 

The following resolution in regard to religious services in in- 
stitutions for the insane was adopted ; 

Resolved, That this Association hereby expresses its earnest con- 
viction that religious services of some kind in our institutions for the 
insane are generally highly salutary to their inmates, and should be 
regularly held, and that the Association hereby reaffirms the ninth 
proposition of the series adopted in relation to the organization and 
management of hospitals for the insane in 1856. 

The place of next meeting was selected at Hartford, Connec- 
ticut, and the time fixed for the third Wednesday of June, 187c. 

Dr. Nichols presented to the Association the project of a sys- 
tem of statistics adopted at the International Congress of Alien- 
ists, held in Paris in 1867, and the papers were referred to a 
committee consisting of Drs. Jarvis, Nichols and Stribling. 



The twenty-fourth annual meeting was held at Hartford, Con- 



84 
necticut, commencing on June 15, 1870. The following riiem- 
bars were present : 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New- 
Hampshire. 

Dr. J. VV. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. 

Dr. D. R, Brower, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg^ 
Virginia. 

Dr. D, Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale x'\sylum, New York. 

Dr. Henry W. Bueb Spring Hill Institution, Litchfield, Con- 
necticut. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New 
Jersey. 

Dr. John H, Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, 
Tennessee. 

Dr. E. R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, 
Long Island, New York. 

Dr. George C. S. Choate, New York. 

Dr. John Curwen, State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. James R. DeVVolf, Hospital for the Insane, Halifax, Nova 
Scotia, 

Dr. J. P. Dudley, Assistant Physician Eastern Lunatic Asy- 
lum, Lexington, Kentucky. 

Dr. Pliny Earle, Lwnatic Hospital, Northampton, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. Orpheus Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, 
Indiana. 

Dr. VV. W. Godding, Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, LTtica, New York. 

Dr. Thomas F. Greene, State Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville^ 
Georgia. 

Dr. Eugene Grissom, Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Carolina. 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, 
Ohio. 



8s 

Dr. Henry M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, 
Maine. 

Dr, R, Hills, Hospital for Insane, Weston, West Virginia. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr, Thomas S, Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr, J. M. Lewis, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Newburg, 
Ohio. 

Dr, Alexander S. McDill, Hospital for the Insane, Madison, 
Wisconsin, 

Dr. C> H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, Wash- 
ington, District of Columbia, 

Dr. Ralph L. Parsons, New York City Lunatic Asylum, 

Dr. William Porter, Spring Hill Institution, Litchfield, Con- 
necticut. 

Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for Insane, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the 
Insane, Dixmont, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, 

Dr. D. D. Richardson, Department for the Insane, Philadel- 
phia Hospital, 

Dr, William H, Rockwell, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', 
Vermont. 

Dr. John W, Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island, 

Dr. A, M. Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Middle- 
town, Connecticut. 

Dr. William F, Steuart, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, 

Dr. C. A, Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr, J, H, Worthington, Friends' Asylum for the Insane, 
Frankford, Pennsylvania. 

Also the following gentlemen by invitation : 

Dr, John L, Atlee, Delegate of the American Medical Asso- 
sociation. 

Dr. Wilmer Worthington, General Agent and Secretary of the 
Board of Public Charities of Pennsylvania. 



S6 

Dr. James P. White, President of the Board of Managers- of 
the Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane. 

Dr. H. B. Wilbur, Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New York. 

Dr. George Brown, Institution for Feeble Minded Youth, Barre. 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. H. M. Knight, School for Imbeciles, Lakeville, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. J. H. Woodburn, Commissioner of Insane Hospital, In- 
dianapolis, Indiana. 

Dr. E. T. Elkins, Commissioner of Insanity for California. 

Luke Palmer, Trustee of Iowa Hospital for the Insane. 

L. F. Boughton, President of Board of Trustees of State Lun- 
atic Asylum, Milledgeville, Georgia. 

Frederick H. Wines, Secretary of Boord of Charities of Illi- 
nois. 

Dr. G. Seguin, New York. 

Dr. E. C. Seguin, New York City. 

Dr. Kirkbride resigned the office of President, and Dr. John 
S- Butler was chosen President; Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Vice 
President, and Dr. John Curwen, Secretary and Treasurer. 

Dr. John Curwen was appointed delegate to the American 
Medical Association to be held in San Francisco, and Dr. G. A. 
Shurtleff, Alternate. 

Dr. J. W. Barstow read a sketch of the life of Dr. Edward 
Hall, late of the Asylum for Criminal Insane at Auburn, New 
York, who died at Messina, Sicily, on April 28, 1870. 

Toronto, Canada, was selected as the next place of meeting, 
and the first Tuesday of June, 1871, as the time. 

Dr, Jarvis presented the report of the Committee on Statistics, 
which was, on motion, made the special order for the next meet- 
ing of the Association in 187 1. 

The Association visited the Retreat for the Insane at Hartford, 
and also the General Hospital for the Insane at Middletown. 



87 

The twenty-fifth annual meeting was held in Toronto, Ontario, 
commencing on June 6, 187 1. The following members were 
present : 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New 
Hampshire. 

Dr. D. T. Brow^i, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York City. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. T. B. Camden, Superintendent elect Hospital for the In- 
sane, Weston, West Virginia. 

Dr. John Clopton, Assistant Physician, Eastern Lunatic Asy- 
lum, Williamsburg, Virginia. 

Dr. William M. Compton, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, 
Mississippi. 

Dr. D. B. Conrad, Central Lunatic Asylum, near Richmond, 
Virginia. 

Dr. George Cook, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. James. R. DeWolf, Provincial Hospital for the Insane, 
Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

Dr. John R. Dickinson, Kingston Asylum, Ontario, Canada. 

Dr. J. F. Ensor, Lunatic Asylum, Columbia, South Carolina. 

Dr. Orpheus Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. Eugene Grissom, Asylum for the Insane, Raleigh, North 
Carolina. 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, 
Ohio. 

Dr. C. H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. Edward Jarvis, Dorchester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. T. S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania' Hospital for the Insane, 
Philadelphia. 

Dr. Henry Landor, London Asylum, Ontario, Canada. 

Dr. J. M. Lewis, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Newburg, 
Ohio. 



Dr. Joseph D. Lomax, Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York, 

Dr. A. S. McDill, Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Wiscon- 
sin. 

Dr. A, E. McDonald, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum.. 
Ward's Island, New York. 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the In 
sane, Washington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. R, L. Parsons, New York City Lunatic Asylum, New York. 

Dr. Mark Ranney, Iowa Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant,, 
Iowa. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed, W^estern Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Dixmont, Allegheny county, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Henry Riedel, Ward's Island Emigrant Hospital for the 
Insane, New York. 

Dr. F. P. Roy, Quebec Lunatic Asylum. 

Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. A. M. Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Middle- 
town, Connecticut. 

Dr. John Waddell, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New 
Brunswick. 

Dr. Clement A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. John W. Whitney, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, 
Kentucky. 

Dr. Joseph Workman, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Canada. 

Also the following gentlemen by invitation ; 

Dr. George Brown, Private Institution for Feeble Minded 
Youth, Barre, Massachusetts. 

Samuel D. Hastings, Secretary State Board of Charities and 
Reform, Wisconsin. 

Dr. Edward R. Hun, Albany, New York. 

J. AV, Langmuir, Esq., Inspector of xA.sylums, &c., Province 
of Ontario. 

H. M. Skillman, Commissioner of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum; 
Lexington, Kentucky. 



89 

Dr. H. B. Wilbur, New York Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, 
New York. 

Dr. Curwen gave a sketch of the life of Dr. N. D. Benedict, 
and offered the following resolutions, which were unanimously 
adopted. 

Beao.'ird, That this Association has heard, with deep and unfeigned 
regret, of the death of oar late associate and member, Dr. N. D.Ben- 
edict, who was for many years an earnest, faithful, highly esteemed, 
and greatly beloved member of this Association; and that we 
most sincerely sympathize with his family in the great loss which 
they have sustained, and rejoice that they and we have an example 
in his life of all that was noble, pure and true. 

Resolved, That a copy of this resolution be forwarded to the family. 

The following resolutions, offered by Dr. Kirkbride, were unan- 
imously adopted. 

Resolved, That this Association re-affirms, in the most emphatic 
manner, its former declarations in regard to the construction and or- 
ganization of Hospitals for the Insane ; and it would take the present 
occasion to add that, at no time since these declarations were origin- 
ally made, has anything been said or done to change, in any respect 
its frequently expressed and unequivocal conviction on the follow- 
ing points, derived, as they have been, from the patient, varied and 
long-continued observations of its members : 

First. That a very large majority of those suffering from mental 
disease can no where else be as well or as successfully cared for, for 
tlie cure of their maladies, or be made as comfortable, if not curable, 
with equal protection to the patient and the community, as indwell- 
arranged hospitals, specially provided for the treatment of the insane 

Second. That neither humanity, economy or expediency can make 
it desirable that the care of the recent and chronic insane should be 
in separate institutions. 

Third. That those institutions, especially if provided at the public 
cost, should always be of a plain but substantial character ; and 
while characterized by good taste, and fitrnished with everything' 
essential to the health and comfort and successful treatment of the 
patients, all extravagant embellishments and every unnecessary ex- 
penditure should be carefully avoided. 

Fourth. That no expense that is required to provide just as many 
<»f these hospitals as may be necessary to give the most enlightened 



90 

care to all their insane can properly be regarded as either unwise, 
inexpedient or beyond the means of any one of the United States 
or British Provinces. 

A sketch of the life of Dr. John Fonerden, prepared by Dr. 
Stribling, at the request of the Association, was read at this 
meeting. 

Madison, Wisconsin, was selected as the next place of meeting, 
on the last Tuesday of May, 1872. 

Dr. Nathan D. Benedict was born in Otsego county, New York, 
on April 7, 1815. Graduated with honor in 1837, at Rutgers 
College, New Brunswick, New Jersey, and commenced the study 
of medicine immediately after. 

He graduated at the University of Pennsylvania in the spring 
of 1 841, and at once engaged in practice in Philadelphia, where 
he was successfully pursuing his profession when he was appointed 
Medical Superintendent of the Philadelphia Almshouse in 1846. 

He was chosen Superintendent of the State Lunatic Asylum at 
Utica, New York, in the fall of 1849. While engaged in direct- 
ing the necessary alterations for the heating and ventilation of 
that building, he was taken with pneumonia, attended by profuse 
hemorrhage, and when able to be about after many months of 
confinement, he was recommended to spend the winter of 1853-4 
in Florida. Resigning his position with the greatest reluctance, 
for hie heart was in the work, he removed to Florida in the fall 
of 1855, and opened an Institution for Invalids at Magnolia. In 
this he succeeded well until the breaking out of the rebellion, 
which virtually compelled him to give up his intentions, as the 
Government took charge of his buildings for hospital purposes, 
and he removed to St. Augustine, w^here he continued to reside 
and filled several offices of honor and trust. 

He died on April 30, 1871. 

Dr. John Fonerden was born in the city of Baltimore, in the 
year 1802. 

He commenced the practice of medicine in that city, and in 
the earlier portion of his professional life, devoted himself es- 



91 

pecially to midwifery, and became in this line, one of the most 
popular and most reliable practioners in the city. 

He was elected Resident Physician of the Maryland Hospital 
in June, 1S46, and continued in that position until his death in 
April, 1869, greatly respected and esteemed by all who knew 
him. 

Dr. Kirkbride, from the Committee on Didactic and Clinical 
Instruction in Insanity, offered the following resolutions which 
were unanimously adopted : 

Resolved, That in view of the frequency of mental disorders among 
all classes and descriptions of people, and in recognition of the fact 
that the first care of nearly all of these cases necessarily devolves 
upon physicians engaged in general practice, and this at a period 
when sound views of the disease and judicious modes of treatment 
are specially important, it is the unanimous opinion of this Associa- 
tion that in every school conferring medical degrees, there should be 
delivered by competent professors, a complete course of lectures on 
insanity and on medical jurisprudence, as connected with disorders' 
of the mind. 

Resolved, That these lectures should be delivered before all the 
students attending these schools, and that no one should be allowed 
to graduate without as thorough an examination on these subjects as 
in the other branches taught in the schools. 

Resolved, That in corinection with these lectures, whenever practi- 
cable, there should be clinical instructions, so arranged that, while 
giving the student practical illustrations of the different forms of in- 
sanity and the effects of treatment, they should in no way be detri- 
mental to the patients. 

The members of the Association visited the Asylum for the 
Insane at London, Ontario, and held the closing meeting of the 
Association in that Institution. 



The twenty-sixth annual meeting was held at Madison, Wis- 



92 

consin, commencing at lo A. M., of May 28, 1872. The fol- 
lowing members were present during the sessions : 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New- 
Hampshire. 

Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Minne- 
sota. 

Dr. D. R. Brower, Eastern Lunatic Asyhim, Williamsburg, 
Virginia. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. R. G. Cabell, Jr., Assistant Physician, Central Lunatic 
Asylum, Richmond, Virginia. 

Dr. J. H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, Ten- 
nessee. 

Dr. T. B. Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. H. F. Carriel, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illi- 
nois. 

Dr. John B. Chapin, Williard Asylum for the Insane, Willard, 
New York. 

Dr. William M. Compton, Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, IVIis- 
sissippi. 

Dr. John Curvven, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. T. P. Dudley, Jr., Assistant Physician, Eastern Lunatic Asy- 
lum, Lexington, Kentucky. 

Dr. J. F. Ensor, Lunatic x'\sylum, Columbia, South Carolina. 

Dr. F. T. Fuller, Assistant Physician, Asylum for the Insane, 
Raleigh, North Carolina. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. William Hamilton, Assistant Physician, Western Lunatic 
Asylum, Staunton, Virginia. 

Dr. W. W. Hester, Aesistant Physician, Hospital for the In- 
sane, Indianapolis, Indiana. 

Dr. C. H. Hughes, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. Edward A. Kilbourne, Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, Il- 
linois. 



93 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Henry Landor, Lunatic Asylum, London, Ontario. 

Dr. J. M. Lewis, Northern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Newburg, 
Ohio. 

Dr. A. S. McDill, Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Wis- 
consin. 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government LTospital for the In- 
sane, Washington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. R. J. Patterson, Bellevue Place, Batavia, Illinois. 

Dr. William L. Peck, Central Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Columbus, 
Ohio. 

Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. 

Dr. D. D. Richardson, Department for the Insane, Almshouse, 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Henry Riedel, Emigrant Hospital for the Insane, Ward's 
Island, New York. 

Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. A. M. Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Middle- 
town, Connecticut, 

Dr. G. A. Shurtleff, Asylum for the Insane, Stockton, Cali- 
ifornia. 

Dr. Charles W. Stevens, County Lunatic Asylum, St. Louis, 
Missouri. 

Dr. William. F. Steuart, Maryland Hospital, Baltimore, Mary- 
land . 

Dr. E. H, Van Deusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, 
Michigan. 

Dr. C. A. W^alker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr. Joseph J. Webb, Longview Asylum; Cincinnati, Ohio. 

Dr. James W. Wilkie, State Lunatic Asylum for Insane Crim- 
inals, Auburn, New York, 

Dr. Joseph Workman, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, On- 
tario. 

Dr. Joshua H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 



94 

Dr. J. H. Woodburn, Indianapolis, Indiana. 
Also by invitation : 

Dr. Genet Conger, Trustee of Willard Asylum for the Insane. 
Willard, New York. 

Rev. A. H. Kerr, of St. Peter, Minnesota, vSecretary of the 
Board of Trustees of the State Hospital for the Insane of Min- 
nesota. 

Mr. M. L. Fisher, President of the Board of Trustees of the 
Iowa State Hospital for the Insane. 

Dr. Brown, of Madison, Wisconsin.' 

W. R. Taylor, E. W. Young, Trustees of the Wisconsin State 
Hospital for the Insane. 

Dr. John Faville, President of the State Medical Society of 
Wisconsin. 

Dr. William M, Compton gave a biographical sketch of Dr. 
A. B. Cabaniss. 

Alfred B. Cabaniss was born in the city of Huntsville, in the 
State of Alabama, on the yth day of December, 1808, and died 
in Hinds county, Mississippi, on the 21st day of November, 
1 87 1, not quite sixty-three years old. Dr. Cabaniss received a 
diploma from the Transylvania University at Lexington, Ken- 
tucky, in 1833, and in 1835 was admitted to the ad eundem degree 
at the Jefferson College in Philadelphia. Resettled in the town 
of Raymond, in Hinds county, more than thirty years ago, and 
afterwards removed to the city of Jackson, where he made a rep- 
utation for skill and kindness not surpassed by any member of 
the profession in Mississippi. 

During the war he was not an idle spectator, but at an early 
day offered his services to the sick and wounded Confederate 
soldiers, and for a long time was Post Surgeon at the city of 
Jackson. 

Soon after the war he was appointed Superintendent of the 
Mississippi State Lunatic Asylum. While he was "the good man 
of the House," about four years, we know that he attached to 
himself, not only the employes of the household, but the patients 
also, who regarded him as their father. Nowhere, perhaps, ex- 



95 

cept in his own immediate family circle, did his death cast a 
sadder gloom than it did upon the household of the Lunatic 
Asylum. 

Dr. Kirkbride presented resolutions in regard to overcrowding 
hospitals, which were unanimously adopted, as follows : 

Resolved, That this Association regards the custom of admitting a 
greater number of patients than the buildiny;s can properly accom- 
modate, which is now becoming so common in hospitals for the in- 
sane in nearly every section of the country, as an evil of great mag- 
nitude, productive of extraordinary dangers, subversive of the good 
order, perfect discipline and greatest usefulness of these institutions, 
and of the best interests of the insane. 

Resolved, That this Association, having repeatedly affirmed its well- 
matured convictions of the humanity, expediency and economy of 
every State making ample provision for all its insane, regards it as 
an important means of effecting this object that these institutions 
should be kept in the highest state of efficiency, and the difference 
in condition of patients treated in them and those kept in alms- 
houses, jails, or even private houses, be thus most clearly demon- 
strated. 

Resolved ,1hi\X while fully reco<:nizing the great suffering and serious 
loss that must result to individuals by their exclusion from hospitals 
when laboring under an attack of insanity, this Association fully be- 
lieves that the greatest good will result to the greatest number, and 
at the earliest day, by the adoption of the course now indicated. 

Resolved, That the boards of management of the different hos})itals 
on this continent, be urged, most earnestly, to adopt such measures 
as will effectually prevent more patients being admitted into their 
respective institutions, than, in the opinions of their superintend- 
ents, can be treated with the greatest efficiency, and without impair- 
ing the welfare of their fellow sufferers. 

Resolved, That the Secretary be instructed to' furnish a copy of these 
resolutions to the boards of management of the different hospitals 
for the insane in the United States and British Provinces. 

A committee was appointed to report on the subject of a com- 
petent allowance to the officers of institutions for the insane who 
have served a term of years in their respective institutions and, 
when partially incapacitated, are compelled to resign. 



96 

BaUimore, Maryland, was selected as the place of next meet- 
ing, on the fourth Tuesday of May, 1873. 

The Association visited the Hospital for the Insane, the Uni- 
versity of Wisconsin, and other objects of interest in and around 
IMadison. 



The twenty-seventh annual meeting of the Association was held 
in the city of Baltimore, Maryland, commencing at 10 A. M., of 
May 27, 1873. The following members were present during the 
session : 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New 
Hampshire. 

Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. 

Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Min- 
nesota. 

Dr. D. R. Brower, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg. 
Virginia. 

Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York City. 

Dr, George Syng Bryant, First Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Lex- 
ington, Kentucky. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Hartford, Connecticut. 

Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, 
Tennessee. 

Dr. Edward R. Chapin, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat- 
bush, New York. 

Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. 

Dr. William M. Compton, State I>unatic Asylum, Jackson, 
Mississippi. 

Dr. D. B. Conrad, Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond, Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 



97 

Dr, James H. Denny, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con- 
r.ecticut. 

Dr. William H. DeWitt, Assistant Physician, Longview Asy- 
kim, Carthage, Ohio, 

Dr, Joseph Draper, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- 
mont. 

Dr. B. D, Eastman, Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. Pliny Earle, Lunatic Hospital, Northampton, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. M, G. Echeverria, New York. 

Dr. Orpheus Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. F. T. Fuller, Assistant Physician, Insane Asylum, Raleigh, 
North Carolina. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. Thomas F. Greene, State Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville, 
Georgia. 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Lunatic Asylum, Athens, Ohio. 

Dr. William B. Hazard, Lunatic Asylum, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. James C. Hallock, State Emigrant Hospital for the Insane, 
Ward's Island, New York. 

Dr. George F. Jelly, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. A. H. Kunst, Assistant Physician, Hospital for Insane, 
Weston, West Virginia. 

Dr. Henry Landor, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. 

Dr. Edward Mead, Psychopathic Retreat, Winchester, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Dr. S. J. T. Miller, Southern Ohio Lunatic Asylum, Dayton, 
Ohio. 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the In- 
sane, Washington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 



98 

Dr. Joseph A, Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Dixmont, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. F. E. Roy, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada. 

Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. A. M. Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, Middle- 
town, Connecticut. 

Dr. G. A. Shurtleff, Insane 'Asylum, Stockton, California. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, Fulton, Missouri, 

Dr. R. S. Steuart, 

Dr. William J. Steuart, Maryland Hospital, Catonsville, Mary- 
laHd. 

Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Mary- 
land. 

Dr. Francis T. Stribling, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, 
Virginia. 

Dr. J. D. Thomson, Mt. Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Dr. John E. Tyler, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr. C. A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr. E. H. Van Deusen, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, 
Michigan. 

Dr. R. M. Wigginton, Assistant Physician, Hospital for the 
Insane, Madison, Wisconsin. 

Dr. James W. Wilkie, State Lunatic Asylum for Insane Crim- 
inals, Auburn, New York. 

Dr. J. H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum for the Insane, 
Frankford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Also by invitation, Dr. J. J. Mayeda, of Japan ; Dr. A. S. Ash- 
mead, of Philadelphia. 

Dr. Butler resigned the office of President, and the following 
officers were elected : 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols, President. 
Dr. C. A. Walker, Vice President. 

Dr. Ray read a paper descriptive of the qualifications of offi- 



99 

cers of Hospitals for the Insane, which was ordered to be printed 
at the expense of the Association. 

The following resolutions were unanimously adopted : 

Whereas, The President of the Board of Charities of Pennsyl- 
vania has requested that this Association should exj)ress its opinion 
in regard to the proper disposition of insane convicts : therefore, 

Resolved, 1. That neither the cells of penitentiaries and jails, nor 
the wards of ordinary hospitals for the insane are proper places for 
the custody and treatment of this class of the insane. 

2. That when the number of this class in any State (or in any two 
or more adjoining States which will unite in the project) is sufficient 
to justify such a course, these cases should be placed in a hospital 
specially provided for the purpose ; and that until this can be done, 
they should be treated in a hospital connected with some prison, and 
not in the wards or in separate buildings upon any part of the grounds 
of an ordinary hospital for the insane. 

Nashville, Tennessee, was selected as the next place of meet- 
ing, on the third Tuesday of May, 1874. 

The Association visited the Maryland Hospital, Mt. Hope Re- 
treat, and the Shephard Hospital for the Insane. 



The twenty-eighth annual meeting was held in the city of 
Nashville, Tennessee, commencing at 10 A. M., of Tuesday, May 
19, 1874. The following members were present during the ses- 
sions of the Association : 

Dr. Judson B. Andrews, Assistant Physician, State Lunatic Asy- 
lum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. H. M. Bassett, Iowa Hospital for the Insane*, Mt. Pleasant, 
Iowa. 

Dr. J. E. Bowers, Assistant Physician, Hospital for the Insane, 
St. Peter, Minnesota. 

Dr. George Syng Bryant, First Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, 
Lexington, Kentucky. 



Dr. R. G. Cabell, Jr., Assistant Physician, Central Lunatic 
Asylum, Richmond, Virginia. 

Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, 
Tennessee. 

Dr. T. B. Camden, West Virginia Hospital for the Insane, 
Weston, West Virginia. 

Dr. H. F. Carriel, Sta^e Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, 
Illinois. 

Dr. William M. Compton, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, 
Mississippi. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. B. D. Eastman, Worcester Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. Orpheus Everts, Indiana Hospital for the Insane, Indian- 
apolis, Indiana. 

Dr. Edward C. Fisher, Assistant Physician, Western Lunatic 
Asylum, Staunton, Virginia. 

Dr. C. C. Forbes, Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Anchor- 
age, Kentucky. 

Dr. F. T. Fuller, Assistant Physician Insane Asylum, Raleigh, 
North Carolina. 

Dr. Thomas F. Green, Georgia State Lunatic Asylum, Mill- 
edgeville, Georgia. 

Dr. Charles H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. George ¥. Jelley, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. William P. Jones, Nashville, Tennessee. 

Dr. E. A. Kilbourne, Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, Illinois. 

Dr. Stephen Lett, Assistant Physician, Asylum for the Insane, 
London, Ontario, Canada. 

Dr. Willian^ L. Peck, Cincinnati Sanatarium, College Hill, 
Hamilton County, Ohio. 

Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for the Insane, Madison, Wis- 
consin. 

Dr. A. Reynolds, Iowa Hospital for the Insane, Independence, 
Iowa. 



lOI 

Dr, James Rodman, Second Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Hop- 
kinsville, Kentucky. 

Dr. Abram Marvin Shew, General Hospital for the Insane, 
Middletown, Connecticut. 

Dr. Lewis Slusser, Northern Ohio Hospital for the Lisane, 
New burg, Ohio. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, No. i, Fulton, 
Missouri. 

Dr. Charles F. Stewart, Nebraska Hospital for the Insane, 
Lincoln, Nebraska. 

Dr. Charles W. Stevens, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. Clement A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. D. R. Wallace, Texas Lunatic Asylum, Austin, Texas. 

Dr. J. F. ^Vebb, Longvievv Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. 

Dr. James W, Wilkie, State Lunatic Asylum for Insane Crim- 
inals, Auburn, New York. 

Dr. J, H. Worthington, Friends' Asylum for the Insane, Phil- 
adelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. J. A. AVallis, of the Lunatic Asylum of the County of 
Durham, England ; Dr. Boyd, of the new Hospital for the In- 
sane, of East Tennessee, and Dr. Brannoch, of the new Hospital 
for the Insane of West Tennessee, were invited to participate in 
the deliberations of the Association. 

A biographical sketch of Dr. William H. Rockwell, prepared 
by Dr. Joseph Draper, w\as read. 

" Dr. William H. Rockwell, late Superintendent of the Ver- 
mont Asylum for the Insane, died at that institution on the 30th 
day of November, 1873, after a protracted illness of eighteen 
months. He was, at the time of his resignation, in August, 1872, 
the oldest superintendent of an asylum in the LTnited States, hav- 
ing received his appointment on the 28th of June, 1836, and 
been in active service for more than thirty-six years. 

He was a native of East Windsor, Connecticut, and born Feb- 
ruary 15, 1800. He graduated at Yale College in 1824, and 
at the medical department of the same institution in 1831. 



I02 

In 1827, and while a student of Dr. Hubbard, of Pomfret. 
Connecticut, he received the appointment of assistant to Dr, 
Todd, at the Hartford Retreat. He remained connected with 
the Retreat most of the time until his appointment to the Ver- 
mont Asylum. 

During the illness of Dr. Todd, and after his death, he had 
charge of the Retreat until the appointment of Dr. Fuller, and 
wrote the report for the year 1834. 

He was married June 25, 1835, to Mrs. Maria J. Chapin, of 
Coventry, Connecticut. They had three children, a daughter 
and two sons, the youngest. Captain Charles J. Rockwell, grad- 
uated at West Point in 1863, and died in Washington, District 
of Columbia, of typho raarlarial fever in 1867. The elder, Dr. 
W. H. Rockwell, Jr., was associated with his father in the asy- 
lum, as his assistant, for ten years, and was elected his successor, 
in 1872, but resigned that position at the end of the year. 

Dr. Rockwell was an early member of the Association. He 
was prevented from attending the organization by reason of a 
bill at that time pending legislation in his own State which ex- 
acted his attention in behalf of the interests of the insane who 
might be committed to his care. 

He wrote but little ; his annual reports were noted for brevity, 
and confined mainly to the results of each year. His was a ]3rac- 
tical life, he indulged little in theorizing, but was wont to detail 
his actual observations, and to those associated with him he gave 
freely of his professional and practical experience. 

Few men possessed such qualifications for surmounting diffi- 
culties as he, and the history of the Institution at Brattleboro' 
gives tangible evidence of his indefatigable energy. He was 
pre-eminently self-reliant, and though he differed from some of 
his colleagues in the matter of policy in practical management, 
he was scrupulously faithful to his convictions and to his trusts. 

For a year and a half preceding his death he was confined to 
his bed, suffering most from his fractured limb, gradually wear- 
ing away, and sinking to his final rest ; and then it was that the 
strong points of his character shone out with the most striking 



I03 
brilliancy. Realizing that his work was done, and that he had 
done it faithfully, he expressed his willingness to be judged by 
it; undisturbed by the shafts of malice and indiscriminate cen- 
sure, he calmly observed : " That his work would be better ap- 
preciated, and his motives better understood, after he had gone." 
And so he passed away; dying as he had lived, strong in the 
faith of his life-long convictions, and relying with unshaken con- 
fidence upon the Di\ine justice which metes out to every man the 
full measure of his deserts. 

The following resolutions, prepared by Dr. Green, were unani- 
mously adopted : 

Whereas, The Association of Medical Superintendents of Ameri- 
can Institutions for the Insane has received information of the 
<leath, since their last meeting, of Dr. William H. Rockwell, of Brat- 
tleboro', Vermont, who, for thirty-six years has been an earnest, 
faithful and efficient laborer in the noblest field of benevolence con- 
nected with the healing art. 

Be it resolved, That in the death of Dr. Rockwell, the interests of 
suffering humanity, in its most fearful form, have sustained a loss 
greatly to be deplored, and this Association an able co-worker, coun- 
sellor and friend. 

Resolced farther, That to the family and friends of the deceased we 
would tenderly offer our condolence and sympathy in this their sad 
bereavement. 

Resolved, That the Secretary be requested to furnish to the family 
of Dr. Rockwell a copy of this testimonial of our appreciation of the 
<lec'eased and profound regret at his death. 

The following biographical sketch of Dr. Charles E. Van An- 
den prepared by Dr. James W. Wilkie, was also read : 

" Dr. Charles E. Van Anden was born in Auburn, New York, 
January 9, 1819, and, with a few brief absences, spent his whole 
life there. He was the son of one of the earliest settlers and 
most respected citizens of Auburn. He entered Union College 
in 1835, and held during his entire college course, a highly re- 
spectable position in his class, graduating August 9, 1839. He 
there laid the foundation of those refined and scholarly tastes 
which characterized his later years, and which were so well known 
and appreciated by his more intimate friends. After leaving col- 



104 
lege, he spent some time as a ijrivate tutor in the city of New York, 
and later as a student of theology, with the late Dr. Croswell, 
then of Auburn. As a student of theology, he won the love and 
esteem of that distinguished and warm-hearted divine. For 
reasons quite satisfactory to himself, he gave up the study of the- 
ology, and became a student of medicine in the ofhce of Dr, 
Lansing Briggs, of Auburn, and received the degree of Doctor 
of Medicine at the Buffalo University, in 1850, 'having previousI\- 
attended two courses of lectures at the Geneva Medical College. 

He then opened an office for the practice of his profession in 
Auburn, and early attracted the attention of Dr. Joseph T. Pit- 
ney, then in extensive practice as a surgeon, and won from him 
his highest esteem professionally, as well as his warmest personal 
regards. Dr. Pitney's love and appreciation of him continued 
through life. 

In 1852, Dr, A'an Anden was called to take charge of the 
Cholera Hospital at Buffalo, at a time when that terrible malady 
was making great havoc in that city. After consulting with his 
friends in Auburn, he came to the conclusion that it was a call of 
duty, and unhesitatingly entered into the midst of the pestilence, 
and by his calm and dignified Christian deportment, and the 
wise exercise of his skill as a physician, won the esteem and aj)- 
probation of all with whom he came in contact. 

In 1857, he was appointed Physician to tlie Auburn State 
Prison, and in 1859 was appointed assistant to Dr. Edward Hall, 
then Superintendent of the State Lunatic Asylum for Insane Con- 
victs at Auburn, and, on Dr. Hall's retirement, in 1862, suc- 
ceeded to that responsible position- This position he held until 
1870, eight years. • . • 

Since that time Dr. Van Anden devoted his time to the prac- 
tice of his profession in Auburn. Modest, sensitive and distrust- 
ful of his own abilities, he lacked that energy of purpose and those 
aggressive qualities so requisite to success. Hence the self advertised 
quack, pushing his own claims, was quite likely to outstrip him 
in the race for popular favor. But a work placed in his hands 
was performed with the greatest intelligence and fidelity. 



In his manners he was dignified, but courteous, his affability 
and kindness winning the hearts of those with whom he was most 
intimate. In general knowledge, in sound judgment, in all the 
graces of refinement and scholarly cultivation, Dr. Van Anden 
excelled. In private life, of the greatest purity of character, he 
maintained a spotless reputation as a public officer. He died a 
poor, but hor.est, man. 

At the time of his death Dr. \'^an Anden was a member of the 
Xew York State iMedical Society, and oi the Medical Society of 
Cayuga County, in which he lived. 

His death occurred October 19, 1873, and was the result of a 
peculiar and distressing accident. Eight days previously, as he 
^vas about to retire for the night, he unconsciously drew into the 
(esophagus a rubber plate, of triangular form, about an inch in 
diameter, to which was attached a single false tooth. After mak- 
ing several unsuccessful attempts to remove it with the oesophagus 
forceps, he applied to his former preceptor. Dr. Briggs, who also 
failed to detect its location with the forceps, and remove it. The 
next morning he introduced a probang, and supposed he had 
dislodged and pushed it forward into the stomach. Violent in- 
flammation supervened, with swelling and inability to swallow. 
Dr. E. M. Moore, of Rochester, visited the patient on the fourth 
•day, when the inflammation and swelling were so great that he 
deemed an exploration of the oesophagus impractible. His 
strength was sustained by injections of beef tea, &c., until the 
eighth day, when profuse hemorrhage took place, from which he 
sank and died. 

An autopsy revealed the plate concealed just within the oeso- 
phagus, a sharp angle of which had made an incision one-half an 
inch in length through its posterior wall. Near the base of the 
lung was a gangrenous mass, involving to a considerable extent, 
the tissues of the lung itself, and which was the seat of hem- 
orrhage. In attempting to swallow, liquid aliment was forced 
through the aperture in the oesophagus, which infiltrated itself 
through the cellular tissues, and gravitating to the point men- 
tioned, had excited inflammation that resulted in gangrene and 
death," 



ic6 

'J'he President appointed Dr. Shew cominiltee to prepare res- 
olutions expressive of the sense of the Association ; who subse- 
quently offered the following resolutions : 

Besolved, That the Association has received the announcement of 
the death of Dr. Charles E. Van Anden, formerly Superintendent of 
the Asylum for Insane Criminals at Auburn, iS'ew York, and for many 
years a distinguished member of this Association, with the deepest 
concern. 

Resolved, That apart from high professional rex>utation always en- 
joyed by Dr. Van Anden, both as a practitioner of medicine and Super- 
intendent of the asylum, his excellent jjrivate character, his many 
Christian virtues, his uiniform courtesy and honorable intercourse 
with his fellows, have endeared him to the members of this Associa- 
tion, as well as to a large circle of admiring friends. 

Hesolved, That while the Association deeply sympathize with his 
family in their bereavement, they, with all his other friends, feel 
confident that when time has softened the sadness of parting, the 
memory of his life will be an enduring source of comfort and pleas- 
ure to those from whom he has been taken away. 

Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions be presented to the family 
of our late associate, signed by the officers of the Association. 

I'he following resolution, offered by Dr.AVilliam P, Jones, was 
unanimously adopted : 

AVriERE.As, It has formally been brought to the notice of the Asso- 
ciation that State and county authorities, having supreme direction 
of institutions for the insane, have, by law, departed from the sjarit 
and tenor of the principles and general regulations for their govern- 
ment which, alter observation, experience and mature deliberation, 
have been promulgated and recommended by this body as judicious 
and humane ; therefore. 

Resolved, That we reaffirm former utterances of the Association, as 
fully expressive of our views as to the i^roper manner of conducting 
hospitals for the insane, and that we earnestly commend these utter- 
ances to the favorable consideration and regard of the managers of 
asylums throughout the country. 

The greater part of the time of the Association was taken up 
in hearing reports from members of the progress made in -the 
care and management of the insane and in discussing the most 
recent modes of medical treatment. 



Hie Association adjourned to meet in Stockton, California, on 
the thiid Tuesday in May, 1S75. 

Dr. Francis T. Stribling was born January 20, 18 10, in the 
town of Staunton, Virginia, where he received his elementary 
education, and soon entered the office of his father, who was then 
clerk of the county of Augusta, in which he remained several 
years. It was jn-oloably in this position, that he acc^uired those 
habits of neatness, method, and order for which he was so much 
distinguished in after life. Having determined to adopt the 
medical profession, after some preparatory reading under the ad- 
vice of a distinguished physician of Staunton, he spent a session 
at the University of Virginia, and in the following year took his 
degree in Philadelphia. He then commenced the practice of his 
j)rofession in Staunton, and soon won the confidence of the 
public. 

In 1S36, at the early age of twenty-six years, he was elected 
by the distinguished gentlemen, who then composed the Board of 
Directors, Physician to the Western Lunatic Asylum. Within a 
few days after his election. Dr. Stribling went on a tour of ob- 
servation through the middle and northern States, to inspect the 
best regulated institutions for the insane, and to gather by ob- 
servation and intercourse with those in charge, all the informa- 
tion necessary to guide him in the discharge of his responsible 
duties. 

He returned from that tour with expanded views, and much 
valuable information, and became indoctrinated with the views of 
those who had materially advanced opinions, as to the curability 
of insanity in a large proportion of cases where the disease pro- 
ceeded from functional causes, and returned home an enthusiast 
in the great work, to which his future life was to be dedicated. 

In the autumn of 1836, he made known to the Board of Direc- 
tors, his views of the proper management of the institution, and 
invoked their assistance in appealing to the Legislature for the 
means of carrying them out. The Board promptly and cheerfully 
acceeded to the request, and an appeal made to the Legislature 
in December by the Board of Directors, was generously responded 



T08 

to by that body, at that and subsequent sessions. In his annual 
reports of a later date, Dr. Stribling pointed out many imper- 
fections in the laws regulating the Asyhuiis for the Insane. 

During the sessions of 1840-41, the Committee of the Legisla- 
ture to which his recommendation had been referred, feeling 
their incompetency to deal intelligently with th.e subject, sum- 
moned the Physicians of the two Asylums, and a member of the 
Board of Directors of each, to appear before the Committee, to 
give their assistance in making a thorough revision of all the laws 
relating to the asylums. Upon receiving this summons. Dr. 
Stribling, with the aid of the members of the Board designated 
to accompany him, before leaving home, prepared a bill which 
covered the whole subject. 

This bill was presented to the Committee and, without material 
amendment, was reported and soon afterwards received the sanc- 
tion of both houses, and still remains in force. Dr. Stribling 
may therefore be considered the author of that law. 

From that time to the commencement of his last illnesS; he de- 
voted himself assiduously to the enlargment of the capacities of 
the institution for usefulness. 

To talents of high order he united unblemished integrity, and 
warm and generous feelings, while in the discharge of his re- 
sponsible duties, he exhibited inflexible firmness, and sach grace 
and serenity of manner, as to win the confidence and affection of 
all who were brought into association with him. 



The Association, at its meeting in Nashville, decided to meet 
in Stockton, California, on the third Tuesday of May, 1875, but 
a very large proportion of the members, in the Spring of 1875, 
decided that they would not go to California, and were in favor 
of a meeting at Auburn, New York, and in consequence of that 



) 



I09 

ilecision the twenty-ninth annual meeting was held in Auburn, 
and was called to order at lo A. M., of May i8, 1875. After a 
short address by the President, Dr. Charles H. Nichols, prayer 
was offered by the Rev. Dr. Condit, of Auburn, New York. 

On motion of Dr. Gray, it was resolved that the action of the 
the officers of the Association, in regard to the change of place 
C'f the meeting, be approved. 

On motion of Dr. Kirkbride, it was unanimously resolved 
that Dr. John Charles Bncknill, of England, be elected an hon- 
orary member of the Association, and be invited to take a seat 
and participate in the deliberations of the Association. 

Dr. Bucknill expressed his pleasure and gratification at this 
mark of esteem of the Association. 

Hon. Mr, Pomeroy, Mayor of the city of Auburn, then wel- 
comed the Association to the city, to which the President of the 
Association briefly responded. 

The following members were jjresent during the sessions of the 
Association : 

Dr. R. F. Baldwin, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. Randolph Barksdale, Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond, 
Virginia. 

Dr. A. T. Barnes, Southern Illinois Hospital for the Insane, 
Anna, Illinois. 

Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Minne- 
sota. 

Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. 

Dr. D. T. Boughton, Assistant Physician, State Hospital for 
the Insane, Madison, Wisconsin.^ 

Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York City. 

Dr. W. H. Bunker, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. 

Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, 
Tennessee. 

Dr. 1'. B. Camden, West Virginia Hospital for the Insane, 
Weston, ^'vest Virginia. 



I 
I 



Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum for the Insane, VViIlard, 
New York. 

Dr. John H. Clark, Western Ohio Hospital for the Insane. 
Dayton, Ohio. 

Dr. William M. Compton, Miss!ssi])pi State Lunatic Asylum. 
Jackson, Mississippi. 

Dr. J. S, Conrad, Maryland Hospital, Catonsville, Maryland. 

Dr. George Cook, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Joseph Draper, Vermont Asylum for the Insane, Brattle- 
boro', Vermont. 

Dr. B. D. Eastman, Worcester Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. Orpheus Everts, Indiana Hospital for the Insane, Indian- 
apolis, Indiana. 

Dr. F. G. Fuller, State Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, 
Nebraska. 

Dr. W. W. Godding, Taunton Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. Eugene Grissorn, Insane Asylum of North Carolina, 
Raleigh, North Carolina. 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Southeastern Ohio Hospital for the In- 
sane, Athens, Ohio. 

Dr. C. H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. George F. Jelly, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. A. H. Knapp, State Insane Asylum, Osawatomie, Kansas, 

Dr. Henry Lander, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. 

Dr. Joseph D. Lomax, Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York. 

Dr. A. E. Macdonald, New York City Asylum, Ward's Island. 

Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald, Brooklyn, E. D. New York. 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the In- 
sane, Washington, District of Columbia. 



( 



III 

Dr, George C. Palmer, Assistant Physician, Asylum for the In- 
sane, Kalamazoo, Michigan. 

Dr. R. L. Parsons, New York City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's 
Island. 

Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. A. Reynolds, Hospital for the Insane, Independence, Iowa. 

Dr. John \V. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. Lewis Slusser, Northern Ohio Hospital for the Insane, 
Cleveland, Ohio. 

Dr. Henry R. Stiles, State Homoeopathic Asylum for the In- 
sane, Middletown, New York. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum No. i, Fulton, Mis- 
souri. 

Dr. Henry P. Stearns, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con- 
necticut. 

Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Mary- 
land. 

Dr. John Waddell, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New 
Brunswick. 

Dr. Clement A. Walker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. D. R. Wallace, State Lunatic Asylum, Austin, Texas. 

Dr. James VV. Wilkie, State Lunatic Asylum for Insane Crini- 
inals, Auburn, New York. 

Also the following gentlemen on invitation : 

L. Fletcher, Trustee of Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, 
Minnesota. 

P. H. Miller, Manager Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the 
Insane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Samuel Lilly, Commissioner of the State Lunatic Asylum. 
Morristown, New Jersey. 

Dr. H. B. Wilbur, Asylum for Idiots, Syracuse, New A'ork. 



112 

Dr. John Ordronaiix, Commissioner in Lunacy of New York. 

S. H. Jameson, M. D., James S. Athon, M. D., George F. 
Chittenden, M. D., J. T. Richardson. ]M. D., Commissioners of 
Indiana Hospital for the Insane. 

. Col. T. G. Walton, Capt. C. B. Deusen, Commissioners of 
the Insane Asylum, Morganton, North Carolina. 

In addition to visiting the State Lunatic Asylum for Insane 
Convicts, at Auburn, the members of the Association also visited 
the Willard Asylum for the Insane, at Willard, on Seneca Lake, 
and the State Lunatic Asylum at Utica, New York. 

The following resolutions, prepared by Dr. Isaac Ray, were 
adopted: 

The Association of Medical Superintendents of Auierican Institu- 
tions for the Insane, having been formed for the purpose of promot- 
ing the welfare of the insane, regard it as one of their duties to 
inquire into and pass judgment upon any scheme, project or change, 
offered professedly with this end in view. They would be faithless 
to the trust they have assumed, were they to remain in silence 
while changes in the management of our hospitals are forced upon 
us, calculated to impair their usefulness and inflict a positive injury 
upon their inmates. The duty to speak at the present time isall the 
greater, in view of the fact that the objects sought for by these new 
measures, are sufficiently secured in the existing arrangements, and 
the pretended demand for them proceeds from no actual, tangible 
grievance, but solely from that prevalent spirit of discontent, which is 
ever ready to discover a fancied wrong and clamor for a change in 
whatever has stood the test of a little time. Were this dissatisfac- 
tion confined to the ordinar\^ methods of discussing evils, real or 
fancied, it would furnish no ground of complaint, and we would 
cheerfully meet it in the same way. But, without reference to us. 
without inquiry of any kind, in fact, it has been thrust upon us in 
the shape of legislation, unexceptionally mischieviousin its eflfect on 
the true purposes of hospitals for the insane, and thus it is that in- 
stitutions whfch should be managed on well-matured, intelligent 
principles, their course guided by one animating spirit, taking in all 
the circumstances of the situation, are disturbed by an intrusive ele- 
ment, having with them no kind of affiliation, and calculated, in the 
nature of things, to destroy that harmony of action which is indis- 
pensable to the highest measure of success. 

Believing that whatever of i)rogress has been accomplished by our 



liospUals, maybe fairly attributed, in a great measure, to the free and 
independent action allowed to their officers,whereby they have been 
enabled, without apprehension of popular fear or favor, to manage 
their charge in the way commended to them, either by the general 
voice of the profession, or their own deliberate convictions,w^e should, 
for that reason alone, deplore any legislation calculated to substitute 
-for such liberty the suggestions of an outside party, entirely ignor- 
ant, it may be, of the working of a hospital, as wxll as of the move- 
ment of th-e insane mind. If the time shall ever come when the 
Legislature in its zeal for th-e public good, shall establish a board of 
otficers to supervise the medical practice of the State, with power to 
enter every sick man's chamber, to inquire respecting the medicine 
and diet prescribed, and any other matter connected with his wel- 
fare, and report the results of their examination to the constituted 
authorities, then it ma}' be proper to consider the propriety of ex- 
tending the same kind of patermil visitation to the hospitals for the 
insane. 

Without arrogating to ourselves any extraordinary' wisdom, we 
believe that the accomplished work of this Association, as well as the 
character and reputation of its present members, fairly entitles it to 
a respectful hearing on any matters of legislation affecting the in- 
terests of the insane in the establishments devoted to their custody 
and treatment. We, therefore, offer the following resolutions, in the 
hope that they will receive from the public all the attention to which 
the importance of the subject, and the authorit}' of the source from 
which they come, entitle them : 

Resohed, That the government of our hospitals, as at present con- 
jstituted, whereby a physician, supposed to be eminently qualified by 
his professional training and his traits of character, both moral and 
intellectual, is invested with the immediate control of the whole 
establishment, while a Board of Directors, Trustees or Managers, as 
they are differently called in different places,— men of acknowledged 
integrity and intelligence — has the general supervision of its affairs, 
has been found, by ample experience, to furnish the best security 
against abuses, and the strongest incentives to constant effort and im- 
provement. 

Resolved, That any supernumerary functionaries, endowed with 
the privilege of scrutiniztng the management of the hospital, and 
sittingin judgment on the conduct of attendants and the complaints 
of patients, and controlling the management, directly by the exer- 
cise of superior power, or indirectly by stringent advice, can scarceh' 
accomplish an amount of good sufficient to compensate for the harm 
that is sure to follow. 



114 

l^emlved, That the duty of restoring the insane, and of prociinnjjr 
the highest possible degree of comfort for those who are beyond the- 
reach of cure, implies a knowledge of their malady, and of their 
ways and manners, that can be obtained only by study and observa- 
tion. 

Resolved, That the work of conducting any particular indi\;idual 
through the mazes of disease, into the light of unclouded reason^ 
embracing, as it does, the drags he is to take, the privileges he is to 
ynjoy, the letters he is to write or receive, and the company he may 
see, implies not only certain professional attainments, but a close and 
continuous observation of his conduct and conversation, neither of 
which qualifications can be expected from the class of functionaries 
above mentioned, though appointed for the express purpose of mak- 
ing suggestions and proffering advice. 

Resolved, That one of the first things in the treatment of a pa- 
tient is to secure his confidence, to make him feel that he is in 
the hands of friends who will protect and care for him; and 
yet this purpose is completely frustrated when it is incessantly pro- 
claimed to him from the walls of his apartment, that the people to 
whom he has been entrusted, are not trusted by others, and that any 
aid or comfort he may require, must be sought from a power par- 
amount to theirs. 

Resolved, That valuable information maybe obtained from the' let- 
ters of patients respecting their mental movements, as many will 
communicate their thoughts in this manner more unreservedly than 
in their conversation, which advantage is lost when their letters are 
forwarded unopened. 

Resolved, That inasmuch as the letters of the insane, especially of 
women, often contain matter, the very thought of which, after re- 
covery, will overwhelm them with mortification and dismay, any 
law which compels the sending of such letters, is clearly an outrage 
on common decency and comuion humanity. 

Resolved, That the fact so much asserted at the present, and offered 
as the main reason for the legislation in question, viz : that sane per- 
sons are often falsely imprisoned on the pretense of insanity, is not 
true, and that we believe that, if ever, it is extremely rare that a sin- 
gle case of false imprisonment, in any hospital in this country, ha^ 
taken place. 

Resolved, That should such cases occur, it would require more 
know^ledge and experience to detect and expose their true character, 
than any but the officers of the hospital would be likely to possess. 



115 

liesolced, That the Project of Law for regulating the relations of 
the insane, adopted by the unanimous vote of the Association in 
1S6S, prescribes such safe-guards against abuses of every kind, as are 
best fitted to secure that object, with the least possible amount of in- 
convenience to parties not immediately concerned. 

Resohrd, That the practice, now rather common, even among those 
who write or lecture on the subject, for the instruction of the public, 
of designating as " Private Asylums," the corporate hospitals of the 
country, such as the McLean Asylum, at Somerville, the Butler Hos- 
pital, at Providence, the Retreat for the Insane, at Hartford, the 
Bloomingdale Asylum, in New York, the Friend's As3dum, at Frank- 
ford, and the Pennsylvania Hospital, in Philadelphia, is calculated 
to mislead the public mind respecting the true character of such es- 
tablishments. Founded, as they are, on the gifts and bequests of 
benevolent persons, conducted by officers paid by a fixed salary, 
and Directors or managers with no compensation at all, and watched 
by a system of visitation, unequaled in frequency and thoroughness, 
by that of an}' public hospital, they are in no sense of the term, 
Private Asylums. 

The following resolutions, offered by Dr. Nichols, were also 
adopted : 

1. Resolved, That in the opinion of the Association of Medical Su- 
perintendents of American Institutions for the Insane, it is the duty 
of each of the United States, and of each of the Provinces of the Do- 
minion, to establish and maintain a State or public institution for 
the custody and treatment of inebriates, on substantially the same 
footing, in respect to organization and support, as that upon which 
the generality of State and Provincial Institutions for the Insane are 
organized and supported. 

2. Resolved, That as, in the opinion of this Association, any system 
of management of institutions for inebriates, under which the dura- 
tion of the residence of their inmates, and the character of the treat- 
ment to which they are subjected is voluntary on their part, must, in 
most cases, prove entirely futile, if not worse than useless, there should 
be in every State and Province such positive constitutional provisions 
and statutory enactments as will, in every case of presumed inebriety, 
secure a careful inquisition into the question of drunkenness, and fit- 
ness for the restraint and treatmentof an institution for inebriates, and 
such a manner .and length of restraint as will render total abstin- 
ence from alcoholic or other hurtful stimulants, during such treat- 
ment, absolutely certain, and present the best prospects of cure or 
reform, of which each case is susceptible. 



n6 

3. Resolved farther, That tlie treatment in institutions fv.)r the ins.me 
of dipsomaniacs, or persons whose only obvious mental disorder i.-^ 
the excessive use of alcoholic or other stimulants, and the immed- 
iate effects of each excess, is exceedingly prejudicial to the welfare 
of those inmates for whose benefit such institutions are established 
and maintained, and should be discontinued just as soon as other 
separate ]3rovision can be made for inebriates. 



The thirtieth annual meeting of the Association was held in 
Philadelphia, commencing at lo A. M., of Tuesday, June 13, 
1876. The following members w^ere present : 

Dr. William M. Awl, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. R. F. Baldwin, Western Lunatic Asyliun, Staunton, Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. 

Dr. H. Black, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. James A. Blanchard, Kings County Lunatic Asylum, Flat- 
bush, New York. 

Dr. D. J, Boughton, Hospital for the Insane, Mendota, Wis- 
consin. 

Dr. D. Tilden Brown, Bloomingdale Asylum, Manhattanville, 
New York. 

Dr. Henry W. Buel, Spring Hill Listitution, Litchfield, Con- 
necticut. 

Dr. W. H. Bunker, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Hartford, Connecticut. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Lunatic Asylum, Morristown, New 
Jersey. 

Dr. R. C. Cabell, Jr., Assistant Physician, Central Lunatic 
Asylum, Richmond, Virginia. 

Dr. John H. Callcnder, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, 
Tennessee. 



"7 

Di\ T. B, Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West 
Virginia. 

Dr. H. F. Carriel, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illi- 
nois. 

Dr, George C, Catlett, Ivunatic Asylum, No. 2, St. Joseph, 
Missouri. 

Dr, John B, Chapin, Willard Asylum for the Insane, Willard, 
Xew York. 

Dr. R. C. Chenault, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, 
Kentucky. 

Dr. W. S. Chipley, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. 

Dr. Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. 

Dr. William M, Compton, Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Missis^ 
-sippi. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania, 

Dr. James H, Denny, New York. 

Dr. J, T. Ensor, Asylum for the Insane, Columbia, South 
Carolina. 

Dr. Orpheus Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. C. C. Forbes, Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Anchor- 
age, Kentucky. 

Dr, F. G. Fuller, Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, Ne- 
braska. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. Thomas F. Greene, Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville, 
■ Georgia. 

Dr. Eugene Grissom, Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Carolina. 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Hospital for the Insane, Athens, Ohio. 

Dr. Henry M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, 
Maine. 

Dr. J. Welch Jones, Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Louisiana. 

Dr. Walter Kempster, Hospital for the Insane, Oshkosh, Wis- 
consin. 

Dr. Edwin A. Kilbourne, Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, Illi- 
nois. 



ir8 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for theTii- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. L. R. Landfear, Hospital for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. 

Dr. A. E. Macdonald, City Asylum for the Insane, Ward's 
Island, New York. 

Dr. C. F. McDonald, State Lunatic Asylnm for Insane Crim- 
inals, Auburn, New York, 

Dr. Edward Mead, Boston, ]\Ias5achusetts. 

Dr. J. W. Mercer, Assistant Physician, Hospital for the In- 
sane, Anna, Illinois. 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the Insane, 
Washington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. R. L. Parsons, City Lunatic Asylum, BlackwelPs Island. 
New York. 

Dr. Mark Ranney, Hospital for the Insane, ISlt. Pleasant. 
Iowa. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. A, Reynolds, Hospital for the Insane, Independence, Iowa. 

Dr. D. D. Richardson, Department for the Insane, Almshouse,. 
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane. Danville, 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. A. M. Shew, Hospital for the Insane, Middletown, Con- 
necticut. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, State Lunatic Asylum, No. i, Fulton, 
Missouri. 

Dr. Henry P. Stearns, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con- 
necticut. 

Dr. J. T. Steeves, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New 
Brunswick. 

Dr. Clement A. AValker, Boston Lunatic Hospital, Boston, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. D. R. Wallace, Hospital for the Insane, Austin, Te:xas. 

Dr. J. H. AVorthington, Friends' .Asylum for the Insane, Phil- 
adelphia, Pennsylvania. 



119 

The following gentlemen were present by invitation : 

Dr. P. O. Hooper, Little Rock, Arkansas, 

Mr. D. A. Ogden and Dr. W. A. Swaby, Trustees of the 
tlie Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. 

Rev. A. H. Kerr and Mr. W. Talbot, Commissioners of the 
State Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Minnesota, 

John Sunderland, Superintendent of Construction of the State 
Hospital for the Insane, Warren, Pennsylvania, 

Mr. J. Whetstone, President of the Board of Trnstees of the 
Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio, 

Mr. John W. Chase, Trustee of the Maine Hospital for the 
Insane, Augusta, Maine. 

Dr. D. H. Kitchen, New York. 

Hon. J. W. Langmuir, Inspector of Hospitals, New York. 

Dr. T. S. Sumner, New York. 

Francis Wells, Esq., Commissioner of the Board of Public 
Charities, of Pennsylvania. 

Mr. F. H. Wines, Secretary of the Board of Public Charities 
of Illinois. 

Drs. Jameson, Richardson and Chittenden, Commissioners of 
the State Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. 

A biographical sketch of Dr. George Syng Bryant, was read 
by Dr. R. C. Chenault. 

Dr. Bryant was born in Old Virginia, in 1825, and died in 
June, 1875, in full vigor of manhood. He was educated at 
Hampden Sydney College, at an early age, it is said, with the 
honors of his class ; studied medicine and graduated from Old 
Jefferson, in this city, in 1845. Soon after he removed to Mis- 
sissippi, where he practiced his profession very successfully for 
about ten years, up to the commencement of the late civil war, 
when he was appointed a surgeon in the Confederate service, and 
won for himself distinction in that service. At the close of the 
war he removed to St. Louis, Missouri, but was induced to leave 
that place on account of failing health, brought about by ex- 
posure during the war. He removed to Lexington, Kentucky, 
in the spring of 1868, soon made for himself a reputation as a 



I20 

man of more than ordinary ability, became an active and prom- 
inent member of the Kentucky State Medical Society, and won 
the exalted esteem of the profession generally throughout the 
State. 

His enthusiasm for his profession, his admiration for the mast- 
ers of his science, his studious habits and his contributions to 
the various medical journals, all marked him as a man of no 
ordinary cast. As a gynaecologist, he was distinguished in the 
west, especially as an operator and also as an inventor. 

With those with whom he was associated in the management 
of the Eastern Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, from the highest to the 
lowest, all continue to speak of his uniform kindness, and his 
unceasing efforts to make every one around him comfortable 
and happy. 

He will be missed, indeed, from our Association, from the Ken- 
tucky State Medical Society, to which he was a contributor, from 
the profession generally where he lived, and* among whom he 
had many warm admirers, and from society generally. There- 
fore, 

Resolved, That this Association tender their warmest sympathy to 
his personal friends, and especially his widow, Mrs. Bryant, by whom 
he is missed more than 'by all others, and to whom he was so much 
devoted ; and we desire that this memorial and resolution be placed 
upon our minutes, and that the Secretary be requested to forward 
Mrs. Bryant a copy of the same. 

The following members were appointed delegates to the Inter- 
national Medical Congress, which met in Philadelphia on Sep- 
tember 4, 1876 : 

Drs. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Isaac Ray, John Curwen, C. A. 
Walker, Pliny Earle, John P. Gray, D. Tilden Brown, H. A. 
Buttolph, Orpheus Everts, Charles H. Nichols, Walter Kempster, 
Charles H. Hughes, H. F. Carriel, J. H. Callender, W. S. Chip- 
ley, James Rodman, Eugene Grissom, C. K. Bartlett, A. M. 
Shew, James R. DeWolf. 



121 

Tli^s thirty-first annual meeting was held in St, Louis, Missouri, 
'Commencing at lo A. M., of May 29, 1874. The following mem- 
bers were present : 

Dr. A. T. Barnes, Illinois Southern Hospital for the Insane, 
Anna, Illinois. 

Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Minnesota Hospital for the Insane, St, 
Peter, Minnesota, 

Dr. J. K. Banduy, St. Vincent Asylum, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. H. Black, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. D. T. Bough ton. State Hospital for the Insane, Mendota 
Wisconsin. 

Dr, R. M. Bucke, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. 

Dr. W. H. Bunker, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. 

Dr. J. H. Callender, Tennessee Hospital for the Insane., Nash- 
ville, Tennessee. 

Dr. T. B. Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West 
Virginia. 

Dr. H. F. Carriel, Central Hospital for the Insane, Jackson- 
ville, Illinois. 

Dr, George C. Catlett, Lunatic Asylum No. 2, St. Joseph, 
Missouri. 

Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum for the Insane, Willard, 
New York. 

Dr. W, S. Chipley, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. 

Dr, Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Canada. 

Dr, William M. Compton, State Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, 
Mississippi. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Orpheus Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, In- 
diana. 

Dr. F. G. Fuller, State Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, Ne- 
braska. 

Dr. [ohn P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. 'uigene Grissom, Insane x^sylum of North Carolina, Raleigh, 
North Carolina. 



Dr. Richard Gundry, Columbus Hospital for the Insane, Col- 
umbus, Ohio. 

Dr. William B. Hazard, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. H. K. Hinds, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum No. i. 
Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. N. De V. Howard, Lunatic Asylum, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. C. H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. Walter Kempster, Northern Hospital for the Insane, Win- 
nebago, Wisconsin. 

Dr. Thomas. H. Kenan, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum, 
Milledgeville, Georgia. 

Dr. E. A. Kil bourne, Northern Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, 
Illinois. 

Dr. L. R. Landfear, Hospital for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. 

Dr. C. F. MacDonald, State Asylum for Insane Criminals, Au- 
burn, New York. 

Dr. x^ndrew McFarland, Oak Lawn Retreat, Jacksonville, Il- 
linois. 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Government Hospital for the In- 
sane, Washington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. James Rodman, Western Kentucky Lunatic x\sylum, Hop- 
kinsville, Kentucky. 

Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. Charles W. Stearns, St. LouiS) Missouri. 

Dr. J. Strong, Cleveland Hospital for the Insane, Newburgh, 
Ohio. 

Dr. Clement A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. D. R. Wallace, Asylum for the Insane, Austin, Texas. 

Dr. J. M. Wallace, Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton, On - 
tario. 

The following gentlemen were present by invitation : 

Mr. S. R. Welles, Trustee of the Willard Asylum, Willard, New 
York. 



123 

Dr. G. F. Chittenden, Commissioner of the Hospital for the 
Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. 

J. H. Wines, Secretary of Board of Public Charities of Illi- 
nois. 

Dr. AV'illiam Corson and Gen. James A. Beaver, Commission- 
ers of the State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, Pa. 

Dr. C. F. Wilbur, School for Feeble Minded Children, Jack- 
sonville, Illinois. 



The thirty-second annual meeting was held in Washington, 
District of Columbia, commencing at lo A. M., of May 14, 
1878. The following members were present. 

Dr. R. F. Baldwin, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. A. T. Barnes, Southern Hospital for the Insane, Anna, Il- 
linois. 

Dr. H. Black, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. D. T. Boughton, State Hospital for the Insane, Mendota, 
Wisconsin. 

Dr. R. M. Bucke, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. 

Dr. D. R. Burrell, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 

Dr. A. P. Busey, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum, No. 2, 
St. Joseph, Missouri. 

Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, 
Tennessee. 

Dr. T. B. Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West 
Virginia. 

Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. 

Dr. W. A. Cheatham, Nashville, Tennessee. 

Dr. R. C. Chenault, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- 
tucky. 



124 

Dr. W. S. Chipley, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. 

Dr. Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. 

Dr. William M. Compton, Holly Springs, Mississippi. 

Dr. J. S. Conrad, Baltimore, Maryland. 

Dr. John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Joseph Draper, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- 
mont. 

Dr. B. D. Eastman, Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. O. Everts, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. 

Dr. C. C. Forbes, Central Lunatic Asylum, Anchorage, Ken- 
tucky. 

Dr. W. W. Godding, Government Hospital for the Insane, 
Washington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. Eugene Grissom, Insane Asylum of North Carolina, 
Raleigh, North Carolina. 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Superintendent elect Maryland Hospital, 
Catonsville, Maryland. 

Dr. C. H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. Walter Kempster, Northern Hospital for the Insane, Win- 
nebago, Wisconsin. 

Dr. Edwin A. Kilbourne, Northern Hospital for the Insane, 
Elgin, Illinois. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. John Kirby, Assistant Physician, State Lunatic Asylum, 
Trenton, New Jersey. 

Dr. Walter R. Langdon, Assistant Physician, Asylum for the 
Insane, Stockton, California. 

Dr. A. E. Macdonald, City Asylum for the Insane, Ward's 
Island, New York. 

Dr. C. S. MacDonald, State Asylum for Insane Criminals, 
Auburn, New York, 

Dr. D. A. Morse, Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. 
Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 



^25 

Cr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Albert Reynolds, Hospital for the Insane, Independence, 
Iowa. 

Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. A. M, Shew, Connecticut Hospital for the Insane Mid- 
dletown, Connecticut, 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith, Lunatic Asylum No. i, Fulton, Missouri. 

Dr. Charles W, Stevens, St. Louis, Missouri, 

Dr. William H. Stokes, Mount Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Mary- 
land. 

Dr. William W. Strew, City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, 
Xew York. 

Dr. J. Strong, Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. 

Dr. J. D. Thomson, Mt. Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Maryland, 

Dr. George C, Palmer, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, 
Michigan. 

Dr. Clement A. W^alker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. D. R. Wallace, Hospital for the Insane, Austin, Texas. 

The following gentlemen were present by invitation : 

A. E. Elmore, Esq,, President of the Board of Charities of 
Wisconsin. 

D. A. Ogden, Esq., Trustee of the Willard Asylum, Willard, 
New York. 

John T. Richardson, M. D., Commissioner of the State Hos- 
pital for the Insane, Indianapolis, Indiana. 

A. P. Langworthy, M, D., of the Board of Administrators of 
the Asylum for the Insane of Louisiana. 



The thirty-third annual meeting was held in Providence, 



126 

Rhode Island, commencing on June lo, 1879. The following 
members were present at the meeting : 

Dr. J. B. x\ndrews, Assistant Physician, of the State Lunatic 
Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. J. P. Bancroft, Asylum for the Insane, Concord, New 
Hampshire. 

Dr. C. K. Bartlett, Hospital for the Insane, St. Peter, Minne- 
sota. 

Dr. H. Black, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. J. P. Brown, Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Massachusetts. 

Dr. P. Bryce, Hospital for the Insane, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. 

Dr. D. R. Burrell, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 

Dr. John S. Butler, Hartford, Connecticut. 

Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, 
Tennessee. 

Dr. J. B. Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West 
Virginia. 

Dr. Walter Channing, Private Hospital for Insane, Brookline, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum for the Insane, Willard, 
New York. 

Dr. R. C. Chenault, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, 
Kentucky. 

Dr. Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. 

Dr. John Cur wen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Joseph Draper, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro, Ver- 
mont. 

Dr. J. W. Fisher, Assistant Physician of the Hospital for the 
Insane, Mendota, Wisconsin. 

Dr. F. T. Fuller, iVssistant Physician, Insane Asylum, Raleigh, 
North Carolina. 

Dr. W. W. Godding, Government Hospital for the Insane, 
Washington, District of Columbia. 

Dr. John C. Hall, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania. 



127 

Di\ W, B, Hallock, Cromwell Hall, Cromwell, Connecticut, 

Dr. Henry M. Harlow, Hospital for the Insane, Augusta, 
Maine. 

Dr. J. W. Hatch, Jr., Assistant Physician, State Asylum for 
the Insane, Napa, California. 

Dr. Henry M. Hurd, Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac, 
Michigan. 

Dr. Walter Kempster, Northern Plospital for the Insane, Win- 
nebago, Wisconsin. 

Dr. Thomas S, Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. W. H. Lathrop, Asylum for Chronic Insane, Tewksbury, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. C. S. May, State Lunatic Asylum, Danvers, Mas^chu- 
setts. 

Dr. Edward Mead, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr. T. J. Mitchell, State Insane Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. 

Dr. D. A. Morse, Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York, 

Dr". George C. Palmer, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, 
Michigan. 

Dr. John G. Park, Worcester Lunatic Hospital, Worcester, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. Hosea M. Quiby, Asylum for Chronic Insane, Worcester, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the 
Insane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. A. R. Reid, Nova Scotia Hospital for the Insane, Halifax, 
Nova Scotia. 

Dr. Ira Russell, Private Asylum, Winchendon Highlands, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. A. M. Shew, Hospital for the Insane, Middletown, Con* 
necticut. 



128 

Dr. H. P. Stearns, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. James J. Steeves, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John^ 
New Brunswick. 

Dr. W. W. Strew, City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island ^ 
New York. 

Dr. J. Strong, Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. 

Dr. Clement A. ^Valker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. j. M. Wallace, Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton, Ontario. 

The following gentlemen were present by invitation ; 

Mr, Charles J. Coffin, of the Board of Charities of Massachu- 
setts. 

Mr! George W, Jones, Trustee of the Willard Asylum. 

Dr. George Brown, Barre, Massachusetts. 

Dr. xAllen M. Lane, Hamilton, New York. 

Dr. Caswell, President Rhode Island Medical Society. 

Dr. Anthony, President of Providence Medical Association. 

Dr. Gurden W. Russell, Hartford, Connecticut, 

Dr. J. F. Noyes, Detroit, Michigan. 

Dr. Theo. W. Fisher, Boston, Massachusetts, 



The thirty-fourth annual meeting was held in Philadelphia, 
commencing on Tuesday, May 25, 1880. The following mem- 
bers were present : 

Dr. J. K. Bauduy, St, Vincent's Institution for the Insane, 
St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. D. T. Boughton, State Hospital for the Insane, Mendota, 
VVisconsin. 

Dr. J. P. Brown, State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Massachu- 
chusettss. 



129 

Dr. P. Bryce, Alabama Insane Hospital, Tuscaloosa, Ala- 
bama, 

Dr. R. M. Bucke, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. 

Dr. D. R. Burrell, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph, State Asylum for the Insane, Morris 
Plains, New Jersey. 

Dr, John H, Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, 
Tennessee, 

Dr. T. B. Camden, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West 
\'irginia. 

Dr. John B, Chapin, Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. 

Dr, Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. 

Dr. H. F. Carriel, Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, Illi- 
nois. 

Dr, John Curwen, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Asylum, Harris- 
burg, Pennsylvania, 

Dr. Theo, Dimon, Asylum for Insane Criminals, Auburn, New 
'York. 

Dr. B. D. Eastman, Insane Asylum, Topeka, Kansas. 

Dr. Orpheus Everts, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, 
Ohio. 

Dr. P\ T, Fuller, Assistant Physician of Insane Asylum, Raleigh, 
North Carolina, 

Dr, W. W, Godding, Government Hospital for the Insane, 
AVashington, District of Columbia, 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, Ca- 
tonsville, Maryland. 

Dr. John C. Hall, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Henry M. Hurd, Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac, 
Michigan. 

Dr. Walter Kempster, Northern Hospital for the Insane, Win- 
nebago, Wisconsin. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride, Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 



130 

Dr. A. E. Macdonald, City Lunatic Asylum, Ward's Island. 
New York. 

Dr C. F. Macdonald, Binghamton Asylum for the Insane, 
Bingham ton, New York. 

Dr. S. B, McGlumphy, Hospital for the Insane, Yankton, Da- 
kota. 

Dr. C. S. May, Lunatic Hospital, Danvers, Massachusetts. 

Dr. W. G. Metcalf, Asylum for the Insane, Kingston, On- 
tario. 

Dr. C. A. Miller, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. 

Dr. D. A. Morse, Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. George C. Palmer, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, 
Michigan. 

Dr, J. O. Powell, Insane Asylum, Milledgeville, Georgia. 

Dr. Isaac Ray, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. D. D. Richardson, State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Joseph G. Rogers, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, 
Indiana. 

Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. G. A. Shurtleff, Asylum for the Insane, Stockton, Cali- 
fornia. 

Dr. James T. Steeves, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, 
New Brunswick. 

Dr. J. Strong, Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. 

Dr. J. D. Thompson, Mt. Hope Retreat, Baltimore, Mary- 
land. 

Dr. Clement A. Walker, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. John W. Ward, State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New 
Jersey. 



- Dr. H, Wardner, Hospital for the Insane, Anna, Illinois, 
Dr. J. H. Worthington, Baltimore, Maryland. 
Dr. John S. Woodside, Assistant Physician, Kings County 

Lunatic Asylum, Flatbush, New York. 

The following gentlemen were present by invitation : 

Dr. Alfred T. Livingston, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. J. N. Kerlin, Institution for Feeble Minded Children, 
Media, Pennsylvania. 

Mr. Gardner A. Churchill, Trustee of the Lunatic Hospital, 
Danvers, Massachusetts. 

Mr. George VV. Jones, Trustee of the Willard Asylum, Willard, 
New York. 

Dr. Traill Green, Trustee of the Pennsylvania State Lunatic 
Hospital, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. William Corson, Commissioner of the State Hospital for 
the Insane, Warren, Pa. 

John C. Allen and Henry Haines, Managers of the Friends' 
Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. D- Hack Tuke was elected an Honorary member of the 
Association. 



The thirty-fifth annual meeting was held in Toronto, Ontario, 
commencing on Tuesday, June 14, 1881. The following mem- 
bers were present ; 

Dr. J. B. Andrews, State Asylum for the Insane, Buffalo, New 
York. 

Dr. R. Barksdale, Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond, Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. 

Dr. H. Black, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Williamsburg, Vir^ 
ginia. 



1^2 

Dr, R. M. Bucke, ^Asylum far the Insane, London, Ontario, 

Dr. W. O. Bullock, Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington, Ken- 
tucky. 

Dr. D. R. Burrell, Brigham Hall, Canandaigiia, New York. 

Dr. A. P. Busey, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum, No. 2- 
St. Joseph, Missouri. 

Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashvillej 
Tennessee. 

Dr. H. F. Carriel, Central Hospital for the Insane, Jackson- 
ville, Illinois. 

Dr. Daniel Clark, Asylum for, the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. 

Dr. John Curwen, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr, James H. Denny, Boston, Massachusetts, 

Dr. R. S. Dewey, P^astern Hospital for the Insane, Kankakee^ 
Illinois. 

Dr. Orpheus Everts, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. 

Dr. A. M. Fauntleroy, Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton, Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr, Theodore W, Fisher, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Dr. T. M, Franklin, City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, 
New York. 

Dr. R. H. Gale, Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Anchor- 
age, Kentucky. 

Dr. J, Z. Gerhard, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. William B. Goldsmith, Lunatic Hospital, Danvers, Mas- 
sachusetts. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Maryland Hospital for the Insane, Ca- 
tonsville, Maryland, 

Dr. C. H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. Henry M^ Hurd, Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac, Mich- 
igan. 

Dr. A. E. Macdonakl, City Lunatic Asylum, Ward's Island; 
New York, 



Dr. H. P. Matbewson, Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, Ne- 
braska. 

Dr. W. G. Metcalf, Asylum for the Insane, Kingston, On- 
tario, 

Dr. Charles A. Miller, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. 

Dr. J. A, Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the In- 
sane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania, 

Dr, A. P. Reid, Hospital for the Insane, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

Dr. Joseph G. Rogers, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, 
Indiana. 

Dr. F. E. Roy, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec. 

Dr. H. C. Rutter, Asylum for the Insane, Columbus, Ohio. 

Dr. John W. Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. J. Strong, Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. 

Dr. B. R, Thombs, State Asylum for the Insane, Pueblo, Col- 
orado. 

Dr. H. A. Tobey, Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. 

Dr. J, M. Wallace, Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton, On- 
tario. 

Dr. Joseph Workman, Toronto, Ontario. 

The following gentlemen were present by invitation : 

Mr> J. W. Langmuir, Inspector of Asylums and Prisons of 
Ontario, 

Mr, D. A. Ogden, Trustee of the Willaixl Asylum, Willard, 
New York, 

Mr. W. P. Townsend, Manager of the Western Pennsylvania 
Hospital for the Insane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. Godfrey, Trustee of the Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, 
Ohio. 

Dr. Fulton, Editor of the Canada Lancet, and Professor in 
Trinity Medical College. 

Dr. William Canniff, President of the Medical Association of 
the Dominion of Canada. , . 

Dr. Graham, of the Senate of the University of Ontario. 

Dr. Grant, of Ottawa, Member of the Medical Council. 

Dr. A. H. Beaton, of the Orilia Asylum for Idiots. 



134 

The following gentlemen were elected Honorary members ot~ 
the Association : 

Dr. C. Lockhart Robertson, of England. 

Dr. A. Motet, of Paris. 

Dr. A. Ta.mburini, of Italy. 

Dr. T. S, Clouston, of Scotland. 



The thirty-sixth annual meeting of the Association was held in 
Cincinnati, Ohio, commencing on Tuesday, May 30, 1882. The 
following members were present : 

Dr. J. B. Andrews, State Asylum for the Insane, Buffalo, New 
York. 

Dr. W. J. Bland, Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West Vir- 
ginia. 

Dr. R. M. Bucke, Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. 

Dr. D. R. Burrell, Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 

Dr. John H. Callender, Hospital for the Insane, Nashville, 
Tennessee. 

Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. 

Dr. Edward Cowles, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts, 

Dr. John Curwen, State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. R. S. Dewey, Eastern Hospital for the Insane, Kankakee, 
Illinois. 

Dr. Orpheus Everts, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. 

Dr. Theodore W. Fisher. Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. R. H. Gale, Central Lunatic Asylum, Anchorage, Ken- 
tucky. 

Dr. William B. Goldsmith, Lunatic Hospital, Danvers, Massa- 
chusetts. 



135 

Dr. L. J. Graham, State Lunatic Asylum, Austin, Texas, 

Dr, John P. Gray, State Lunatic iVsylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. Eugene Grissom, Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Carolina. 

Dr. Richard Gundry, Maryland Hospital, Catonsville, Mary- 
land. 

Dr. John C. Hall, Friends' Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia, 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. F. W. Hatch, Jr., Assistant Physician, Asylum for the Li- 
sane, Napa, California, 

Dr, Charles H. Hughes, St. Louis, Missouri. 

Dr. Henry M. Hurd, Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac, 
Michigan. 

Dr. E. A. Kilbourne, Northern Hospital for the Insane, Elgin, 
Illinois. 

Dr. Andrew McFarland, Oak Lawn Retreat, Jacksonville, Il- 
linois. 

Dr. H. P. Mathewson, State Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln, 
Nebraska. 

Dr. C. A. Miller, Longview Asylum, Carthage, Ohio. 

Dr. T. J. Mitchell, Lunatic Asylum, Jackson, Mississippi. 

Dr. A. R. Moulton, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Hospital, 
Worcester, Massachusetts. 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Bloomingdale Asylum, New York 
City. 

Dr. George C. Palmer, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, 
Michigan. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed, Western Pennsylvania Hospital for the 
Insane, Dixmont, Pennsylvania, 

Dr. A. B. Richardson, Asylum for the Insane, Athens, Ohio. 

Dr. Joseph G. Rogers, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, 
Indiana. 

Dr. John W, Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, Penn- 
sylvania. 

Dr. Henry P. Stearns, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Con- 
necticut. 



136 

Dr. Charles VV. Stevens, St. Louis, Missouri. 
Dr. J. Strong, Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. 
Dr. H. A. Toby, Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. 
Dr. J. M. Wallace, Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton, Ontario, 
Dr. H. Wardner, Hospital for the Insane, Anna, Illinois. 
Dr. James M. Whitaker, Assistant Physician, Lunatic Asylum, 
Milledgeville, Georgia. 

The following resolution was adopted : 

Resolved, That the usage of the Association, in respect to the tenure' 
of the office of President and Vice President of this body, be so far 
changed that hereafter there shall be elected a President and Vice 
President, to hold their respective offices for a period of one year, 
and that the President present an annual address, which shall be 
deemed exempt from critical discussion, unless the Association shall 
direct otherwise. 

Dr. C. A. Walker, having resigned the office of President, Dr. 
John H. Callender was elected President, and Dr. John P. Gray, 
Vice President, under the resolution adopted at this meeting. 

The following resolution was also adopted : 

Resolved, That on the last day of each annual meeting of the As- 
bociation of Medical Superintendents of American Institutions for 
the Insane, the President shall appoint committees, whose duty it 
shall be to report at the next annnal meeting upon the state and 
progress of the various important divisions of special science and 
art, relating to the insane as assigned to and accepted by them, and 
whose chairmen shall be ethically responsible for the proper ])re- 
sentation of such reports. 

These subjects were subsequently divided as follows : 

1. Annual Necrology of the Association. 

2. Cerebro-Spinal Physiology. 

3. Cerebro-Spinal Pathology. 

4. Therapeutics of Insanity, 

5. Bibliography of Insanity. 

6. Relation of Precentric Diseases to Insanity, 

7. Asylum Location, Construction and Sanitation. 

8. On Medico-Legal relations of the Insane. 

9. On the Treatment of Insanity. 



137 

I'he thirty-seventh annual meeting of the Association was 
held at Newport, Rhode Island, commencing on June 26, 1883. 
I'he following members were present : 

Dr. J. B. Andrews, State Asylum for the Insane, Buffalo, 
New York, 

Dr. J. ^. Bancroft, Concord, New Hampshire. 

Dr. J. W. Barstow, Sanford Hall, Flushing, New York. 

Dr. W. J, Bland, State Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West 
Virginia. 

Dr. J. P. Brown, Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Massachusetts. 

Dr. John H. Callcnder, State Hospital for the Insane, Nash- 
ville, Tennessee. 

Dr. George C. Catlett, Lunatic Asylum No. 2, St. Joseph, Mis- 
souri. 

Dr. John B. Chapin, Willard Asylum, Willard, New York. 

Dr. R, H. Chase, State Hospital for the Insane, Norristown, 
Pennsylvania, 

Dr, Daniel Clark, Asylum for the Insane, Toronto, Ontario. 

Dr. Edward Cowles, McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. John Curwen, State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, 
Pennsylvania, 

Dr. James H. Denny, Boston, Massachusetts, 

Dr, Joseph Draper, Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro', Ver- 
mont. 

Dr. O, Everts, Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. 

Dr. Theo. W^. Fisher, Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. J, M. Franklin, City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island ^ 
New York. 

Dr. R. H. Gale. Central Lunatic Asylum, Anchorage, Ken- 
tucky. 

Dr. J. Z. Gerhard, Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Har- 
risburg, Pennsylvania. 

Dr. W. W. Godding, Government Hospital for the Insane, 
Washington, District of Columbia. 



138 

Dr. W, B. Goldsmith, Lunatic Hospital, Danvers, Massachu- 
setts. 

Dr. John P. Gray, State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Dr. John C. Hall, Friend's Asylum, Frankford, Philadelphia- 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. W. B. Hallock, Cromwell Hall, Cromwell, Connecticut. 

Dr. Charles J. Hill, Assistant Physician, Mount Hope Retreat, 
Baltimore, Maryland. 

Dr. G. H. Hill, Hospital for the Insane, Independence, Iowa, 

Dr. Henry M. Hurd, Asylum for the Insane, Pontiac, Michi- 
gan. 

Dr. George F. Jelly, Boston, Massachusetts. 

Dr. A. E. Macdonald, City Lunatic Asylum, Ward's Island, 
New York. 

Dr. W. G. Metcalf, Kingston, Ontario. 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols, Bloom ingdale Asylum, New York. 

Dr. George C. Palmer, Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, 
Michigan. 

Dr. H. M. Quinby, Asylum for Chronic Insane, Worcester, 
Massachusetts. 

Dr. A. B. Richardson, Asylum for the Insane, Athens, Ohio. 

Dr. Joseph G. Rogers, Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis, 
Indiana, 

Dr. F. E. Roy, Lunatic Asylum, Quebec, Canada. 

Dr. Ira Russell, Winchendon, Massachusetts. 

Dr. John W, Sawyer, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

Dr. S. S. Schultz, State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, 
Pennsylvania. 

Dr. A. M. Shew, Hospital for the Insane, Middletown, Con- 
necticut. 

Dr. H. P. Stearns, Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, Connec- 
ticut. 

Dr. J. T. Steeves, Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St, John, New 
Brunswick. 

Dr. G. B. Twitchell, Keene, New Hampshire. 



139 

The following gentlemen were present by invitation : 

Dr. Horatio R. Storer, President of the Newport Medical So- 
ciety. 

Dr. Foster Pratt, Manager of the Asylum for the Insane, Kal- 
amazoo, Michigan. 

Mr. D. A. Ogden, Manager of the Willard Asylum, Willard^ 
New York. 

Rev. Mr. Willard, Secretary of the Trustees of the Hospital 
for the Insane, Middletown, Connecticut. 

Dr. A. G, Watson, Newport, Rhode Island. 

Mr. George Gordon King, Newport, Rhode Island. 

Mr. A. G. Barstow, President of the Board of Trustees 6f But- 
ler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island. 

Mr. Brownell, Trustee of the Butler Hospital. 

Dr. Theodore Meynert, of Vienna, was elected an Honorary 
member of the Association. 



The thirty-eighth annual meeting Mas held at the Continental 
Hotel, in the city of Philadelphia, commencing at lo A. M., of 
May 13, 1884. The following members were present during the 
sessions : 

J. B. Andrews, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Buffalo, New 
York. 

J. P. Bancroft, M. D., Concord, New Hampshire. 

AV. J. Bland, M. D., Hospital for the Insane, Weston, West 
Virginia. 

J. P. Brown, M. D., Lunatic Hospital, Taunton, Massachusetts. 

W. T. Browne, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Stockton, Cali- 
fornia. 

R. M. Bucke, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, London, Ontario. 

D. R. Burrell, M. D., Brigham Hall, Canandaigua, New York. 



I40 

John H. Callender, M. D., Hospital for the Insane. Nashville, 
Tennessee. 

H. F. Carriel, M. D., Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, 
Illinois. 

George T. Catlett, M. D., Lunatic Asylum No. 2, St. Joseph, 
Missouri. 

Walter Channing, M. D., Brookline, Missachusetts. 

John B. Chapin, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, VVilhrJ, New 
York. 

R. H. Chase, M. D., State Hospital for the Insine, Norris- 
town, Pennsylvania, 

Edward Cowles, M. D., McLean Asylum, Somerville, Massa- 
chusetts. 

John Curwen, M. D., State Hospital for the Insane, Warren, 
Pennsylvania. 

A. N. Denton, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Austin, Texas. 

R. S. Dewey, M. D., Eastern Hospital for the Insane^ Kanka- 
kee, Illinois. 

Pliny Earle, M. D., Lunatic Hospital, Northampton, Massa- 
chusetts. 

Orpheus Everts, M. D., Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, 
Ohio. 

Theodore W, Fisher, M. D., Lunatic Hospital, Boston, Mas- 
sachusetts. 

T. M. Franklin, M. D., City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's 
Island, New York. 

J, Z. Gerhard, M. D., Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital^ 
Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. 

W. W. Godding, M. D., Government Hospital for the Insane, 
Washington, District of Columbia. 

John P. Gray, M. D., State Lunatic Asylum, Utica, New York. 

Eugene Grissom, M. D., Insane Asylum, Raleigh, North Car- 
olina. 

John C. Hall, M. D., Friends' Asylum for the Insane-, Frank- 
ford, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Charles J. Hill, M. D., Assistant Physician, Mt. Hope Re- 
treat, Baltimore, Maryland. 



141 

S. Preston Jones. M. D., Department for Males, Pennsylvania 
Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

Alfred T. Livingston, M. l).,AVa-Wa, Delaware County, Penn- 
sylvania, 

P. L. ]\Iurphy, M. D. ,^^'estern North Carolina Insane Asylum, 
Morgan ton, North Carolina. 

Charles H, Nichols, M. D., Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

George C. Palmer, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo, 
Michigan. 

J. Willoughby Phillips, M. D., Assistant Physician, Burn 
P3rae, Delaware County, Pennsylvania. 

T. O. Powell, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Milledgeville, 
(ieorgia. 

A. B. Richardson, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Athens, 
Ohio. 

D. D. Richardson, M. D., Department for the Insane, Alms- 
house, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 

J. D. Roberts, M, D., Eastern North Carolina Insane Asylum, 
Goldsboro, North Carolina. 

Ira Russell, M. D., Highlands, Winchendon, Massachusetts. 

John W. Sawyer, M. D., Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode 
Island. 

S. S, Schultz, M. D., State Hospital for the Insane, Danville, 
Pennsylvania. 

A. M. Shew, M. D., Hospital for the Insane, Middletown, 
Connecticut. 

George S. Sinclair, M. I)., Assistant Physician, Hospital for 
the Insane, Halifax, Nova Scotia. 

E. E. Smith, M. D., Assistant Physician, Asylum for the In- 
sane, Morris Plains, New Jersey. 

Henry P. Stearns, M. D., Retreat for the Insane, Hartford, 
Connecticut. 

James T. Steeves, M. D., Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. John, 
New Brunswick. 

J. Strong, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Cleveland, Ohio. 

H. A. Toby, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Dayton, Ohio. 

George B. Twitchell, M. D., Keene, New Hampshire. 



T42 

J. M. Wallace, M. D., Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton, On- 
tario. 

John W. Ward, M. D., State Lunatic Asylum, Trenton, New- 
Jersey. 

Dr. Curwen offered the following resolution which was unani- 
mously adopted on a rising vote : 

Resolved, That in the death of our fellow member, Dr. Thomas S. 
Kirkbride, this Association has lost one of its ablest members, who. 
during the whole period of its existence, had given to it most earnest 
and devoted thought and attention, and whose counsels were always 
wise, cautious and most enlightened. 

A kind, warm-hearted and sympathizing friend, a faithful and 
prudent counsellor, a genial and cheerful companion, and a most 
able, laborious and devoted Physician and Sui^erintendent, no one 
who was privileged to know him in those relations can fail to feci 
the great blank wliich has been made by his removal. 

Privileged to continue in active continuous service longer than 
any other member, his latest thoughts were given to the considera- 
tion of those things which would most benefit those for whom foi- 
more than forty years he had thought and labored. 

Dr. John P. Gray delivered the address as President and then 
introduced his successor. Dr. Pliny Earle. 

This being the fortieth year from the formation of tlie Asso- 
ciation, in accordance with a previous arrangement made last 
year, addresses were delivered on the History of the Association 
and its necrology by Dr. John Curwen. on progress in the treat- 
ment of the Insane by Dr. Henry P. Stearns, on progress in 
provision for the Insane by Dr. W. W. Godding. 

The Association in a body visited the Medical Society of the 
State of Pennsylvania in session, and also attended the reception 
of the President of that Society in the evening. 

Dr. Foster Pratt, one of the Trustees of the Asylum for the 
Insane at Kalamazoo, Michigan, offered the following resolutions 
which were adopted : 

Whereas, By a comparison of the statistics of the "defective 
classes of our population," as shown by the eighth, ninth and tenth 
Census, it appears 



143 
First, That the proportion of insane to total population in the 
United States is rapidly increasing, and Secondly, That a prominent 
factor in this increase is the large defective element found among 
the "Foreign born" who have emigrated to us since 1847 and 1848 — 
an element whicli now constitutes one-eighth of our total population, 
l;ut which furnishes one-third of its paupers, one-third of its crimi- 
nals, and one-third of its insane, and Whereas, While the cost of 
buildings to suitably keep and the annual tax to properly maintain 
these classes fall wholly and heavily on the several States and Terri- 
tories, they are inhibited by a national law from enacting and en- 
forcing effective measures to prevent or to mitigate these evils, so far 
as they are caused by immigration, now therefore 

Resolved, That the Association of Medical Sui^erintendents of 
American Institutions for the Insane respectfully urges the Congress 
of the United States to give early and earnest attention to this im- 
portant subject, to the end that emigration laws may be enacted by 
it which, while they do not unreasonably obstruct the immigration 
of healthy and self-dependent persons, will effectively prevent the 
emigration and the exportation to our ports of the so-called defect- 
ive classes of Europe and Asia. 

Resolved. That in furtherance of this object a copy of these Reso- 
lutions and Preamble be forwarded by the President and Secretary 
of this Association to the President of the United States, and to the 
President of the Senate and Speaker of the House of Representa- 
tives at Washington, for consideration by them and by Congress ; 
also to the Governor and the Presiding officers of the Legislature of 
each State of the Union, that they and the people they severally 
represent, who are most affected by the pecuniary burdens and by 
the vital and moral evils caused by an unrestricted and unregulated 
immigration, may be moved to take such action as they deem best to 
secure early and efficient action by Congress (with whom alone is 
the power) to abate the great and growing evils to which public 
attention is hereby called. 

Resolved, That a copy of these Resolutions and Preamble be also 
sent to the Secretary of each medical society in the several States, 
with the request that the medical profession generally unite with us 
in the attempt to obtain the required remedy for these great evils. 



144 



BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES. 



John E. Tyler, M. D., by Isaac Ray, M. D. : 

My relations with Dr. Tyler were not of the kind that bring 
to view all the sides and aspects of a man's nature, but they suf- 
ficed to reveal to me many sterling qualities well worthy of the 
highest esteem. Starting with his mind well prepared by a col- 
lege training, and a faithful study of his profession, he obtained 
in due season the merited reward of such preparation. While 
engaged in a general practice, embracing to a large extent the 
most respectable and cultivated part of the community, he was 
selected by the Trustees of the State Asylum of New Hampshire 
to become its Superintendent. So well did he discharge this 
trust, that, under his charge, the institution notably prospered, 
while he established his own reputation in this peculiar calling. 
On the death of Dr. Booth, the Superintendent of the McLean 
Asylum, the Trustees of that institution had little hesitation in 
making Dr. Tyler his successor. Here the best qualities of his na- 
ture were brought into action, as they never had been before, and 
his remarkable fitness for the kind of duty he had assumed was 
admirably displayed. In no other similar institution in the coun- 
try are larger drafts made on the patience, the temper, the indus- 
try, the zeal, in short, on all the moral and intellectual resources 
of the Superintendent. For thirteen years he stood the trial, 
steadily gaining the approbation of his Trustees, the confidence 
and esteem of his patients, and the respect of his medical breth- 
ren. He came to the work with a correct appreciation of its re- 
sponsibilities, and an earnest endeavor to achieve the highest 
measure of success. Thenceforth it became the all-absorbing 
interest of his life. Surrounded by memorials of his predeces- 
sors, he needed no other incentive to make himself worthy a 



145 

]AivcQ by the side of a Booth, a Bell, a Lee and a Wyman. It 
was a purpose worthy of the noblest ambition. How worthily he 
achieved it, we learn from the abundant testimony both of his 
patients and his employers, He cared little for popular applause, 
and was well satisfied with the approbation of those who, alone, 
were the proper judges of his merits. 

He had many qualities indispensable to success in his calling. 
A\'ithout any profound study of psychological science, he pos- 
sessed that nice discernment of abnormal mental conditions which 
springs from a happy faculty of observation, — a faculty which 
may be improved by use, but is chiefly a gift of nature. It en- 
abled him to look beneath the surface, and discern signs of irreg- 
ular action that would escape the notice of others less happily 
endowed. His success was much promoted by a genial temper 
and a pleasing address that always made him a welcome compan- 
ion, bringing, at every visit, a gleam of sunshine to many a 
darkened souL Few could resist the cheering influence of his 
hearty laugh and pleasant words, well-timed and skilfully ex- 
pressed as they always were. 

In the character of expert in cases of insanity, in which he 
often appeared, it would be no small praise to say that he did no 
discredit to his profession, but he also did something more. He 
was always cool, self-collected, not easily embarrassed, and was 
unusually successful in obtaining respect and confidence for his 
statements. He soon learned, what some experts never learn at 
all, that to satisfy himself of the correctness of his positions is 
scarcely more important than to forsee how they will strike others. 
It is this kind of prescience which makes one sure that the ground 
he takes is tenable, and enables him to anticipate the assaults he 
will have to meet. After a service of thirteen years his health 
had received such a shock from a malarial fever contracted while 
on a visit South, that he felt obliged to resign, and seek the res- 
torative influences of a prolonged stay in Europe. On his re- 
turn, with his condition greatly imprpved, he engaged in private 
practice and soon had all the employment he desired. He had 
been a]. pointed while in the As}'lum, Professor of Nervous Dis- 
eases in Harvard University, and the last professional act he did 



146 

was to give the usual lecture of his course. He will be much 
missed in that community, for he was widely known and es- 
teemed, and in various relations his counsel was sought for and 
highly prized. 

As a member of this Association his presence among us always 
met with a hearty welcome. His words were ever wise and time- 
ly. He was not much inclined to writing or speaking, but 
when he did write or s})eak, it was something well worth listening 
to. 



Dr. George Syng Bryant was born in Old Virginia, in 1825. 
and died in June, 1875, in full vigor of manhood. He was ed- 
ucated at Hampden Sydney College, and graduated at an early 
age, it is said, with the honors of his class ; studied medicine 
and graduated from Old Jefferson, in Philadelphia, in 1845, 
Soon after he removed to Mississippi, wdiere he practiced his 
])rofession very successfully for-about ten years, up to the com- 
mencement of the late civil war, when he was appointed a sur- 
geon in the Confederate service, and won for himself distinction 
in that service. At the close of the war he removed to St. Louis, 
Missouri, but was induced to leave that place on account of fail- 
ing health, brought about by exposure during the war. He re- 
moved to Lexington, Kentucky, in the sj^ring of 1868 ; soon 
made for himself a reputation as a man of more than ordinary 
ability, became an active and jorominent member of the Kentucky 
State Medical Society, and won the exalted esteem of the profes- 
sion generally throughout the Sta'e. His enthusiasm for his 
profession, his admiration for the masters of his science, his 
studious habits, and his contributions to the various medical 
journals, all marked him as a man of no ordinary cast. As a 
gynaecologist he was distinguished in the west, especially as an 
operator and also as an inventor. 

With those with whom he was associated in the management 
of the Eastern Kentucky xAsylum, from the highest to the lowest, 
all continue to speak of his uniform kindness and his tmceasing 
efforts to mike every one around him comfortable and hippy. 



U7 
He will be missed, indeed, from our Association, from the 
Kentucky State Medical Society, to which he was a contributor, 
from the profession generally where he hved, and among whom 
he had many warm admirers, and from vSociety generally. 



John VVaddell, whose father was a native of Shotts, Scotland, 
was born in Truro, Nova Scotia, on March 17, t8io. He was the 
youngest son of the Reverend John Waddel, an eminent Pres- 
byterian clergyman, and brother of the late James Waddell, also 
a distinguished member of the Presbyterian church. The early 
part of his education was received at the Grammar School in 
Truro ; subsequently he attended the Pictou Academy, where he 
spent several years, completing a full course of liberal culture. 
At the end of this period he engaged in business, continuing for 
one year, but finding this enterprise uncongenial it was aban = 
doned. In the year 1834, he commenced the study of medicine 
in his native place, under the preceptorship of Dr. Lynd. He 
next proceeded to Glasgow, continuing his medical studies there, 
and on the i8th of October, 1839, he received his diploma from 
the Royal College of Surgeons, London. After obtaining his 
degree, the doctor attended medical lectures in Paris during the 
winter of 1839 and 184c. In the summer of 1840, he returned 
to Truro, Nova Scotia, and entered upon the practice of his 
chosen profession. During the following nine years he was en- 
gaged in general practice, and, being eminently successful, he 
extended his name and fame far beyond the immediate sphere of 
his labors. In 1849, Dr. VVaddell was appointed Medical Super- 
intendent of the Provincial Lunatic Asylum at St. John, New- 
Brunswick, and in December of that year, he entered upon the 
duties connected therewith. In the management of this institu- 
tion, the doctor found a sphere congenial to his order of mind, 
and he soon won a reputation more than provincial. In a pre- 
eminent degree he possessed the qualities of mind and heart to 
insure success in his chosen field. His administrative ability was 
of a high order, he was prudent, practical and economical in his 



148 

management; and, averse to the use of too definitely written 
rules, preferring a frec[uent resort to hiaiself as the source of au- 
thority in the house which he controlled. His fine personnel, 
gentlemanly bearing, suave manners and cheerful disposition, 
gained for him at once the confidence and esteem of his asso- 
ciates, and the public as well. Whilst Dr. Waddell was urbane, 
generous and forgiving, yet he possessed great firmness of char- 
acter ; when opposed in his cherished views or plans, his op- 
jjonent found "afoeman worthy of his steel." Dr. Waddell 
continued Superintendent of the asylum at St. John, from De- 
cember, 1849, until the ist of May, 1875, a period extending up- 
\vards of twenty-six years, and during all that time he labored 
with great assiduity, and with marked success in the medical 
treatment of the patients, the general management of the house, 
and in all that pertained to the prosperity of the institution. 

Far the best part of his life was devoted to a noble purpose, 
caring for the helpless and insane, going in and out among 
them at all hours of the day and night, ministering to their dis- 
eased bodies and minds, performing the office of a faithful 
physician. Early in the history of this Association, Dr. Waddell 
became an active member, taking a deep interest in its work and 
earnestly promoting its welfare. His agreeable social qualities, 
varied information and practical good sense, made him a great 
favorite among the members of the Association. On the doc- 
tor's retiring from the Superintendency of the asylum, he again 
took up his residence at Truro, his birthplace, where he himself, 
and his friends, hoped he might enjoy many years of quiet and 
peace, after his arduous life duties had been so well performed. 

But this hope was not realized ; the good doctor had almost 
finished his course ; he had well nigh tallen before his armor was 
removed. The watching, the anxiety too long continued with- 
out sufficient aid, had so WTought upon his physical system and 
mind, that a nervous affection fastened upon him to which he 
soon succumbed. 

On Thursday, the 29th of August, 1878, our friend, a Christian 
gentleman, passed away peacefully to his rest and his reward. 



'49 
Di\ Thomas F. Green was born in Beaufort, S. C, on the 
25th of December, 1804. He died in Midway, Georgia, on the 
13th of February, 1879, of apoplexy, while Superintendent of 
the Georgia Lunatic .Asylum. His parents were of the best class 
of Irish people. His father, a warm-hearted, highly educated, 
enthusiastic young Irish patriot, joined in the ill-fated rebel! i(jn ' 
of 1798, was forced to flee the country ; his wife, who was a Fitz- 
gerald, a lady of noble blood, came with him to America, lie 
had no fortune save his talents, no friends save those he wpn by 
his virtues. He began to teach, and as a teacher came to Beau- 
fort, S. C. Here his eldest son, Thomas Fitzgerald, was born. 
He removed to Savannah, Georgia, where he taught a high school 
and was then elected a Professor in the Georgia University at 
Athens. He afterwards removed to Milledgeville, the capital of 
Georgia, and here the son was educated. He was past his majo- 
rity when he studied medicine and began to practice. He loca- 
ted in Milledgeville and was doing well as a physician when the 
current of his life was changed, and turned into a direction which 
was to be full of blessings to his race. A northern philanthro- 
pist, who was interested in the welfare of the insane, visited Mil- 
ledgeville to suggest and advocate the establishment of an asylum 
for them. He called a meeting of a (ew gentlemen of broad 
views and generous hearts and laid his plans before them. The 
warm heart of Dr. Thomas F. Green became much interested in 
the great question presented, and he gave it close attention. He 
was connected with the first effort made to secure the grant from 
the Legislature. In 1846 he succeeded Dr. Cooper as Superin- 
tendent of the Asylum. He continued in the office for thirty- 
three years. It was very small when he took hold of it. It be- 
came a grand institution, one of the largest in the Southern 
States, when he was called by death from it. 

Dr. Green in person was short, stout, of broad, grand, humane 
countenance, in his youth handsome, and in his old age venera- 
ble. He was full of life, cheerful, merry, courteous, conside- 
rate. He was a sincere Christian, in his home life a model, one 
of the most benevolent and unselfish of men. He was devoted 
to the Institution 3 he literally lived for the Asylum. He thought 



ISO 
of it, talked of it all the time. His success in the management 
of it was marvellous and the blessed results of his work cannot 
be told in time. He was a delightful companion, a true and 
sympathizing friend, a man whom all loved, and one worthy of 
all the honor heaped upon him. The moral grandeur of his 
character was best illustrated by the interest he manifested in the 
unfortunate. 



Wm. S. Chipley, son of Rev. Stephen and Amelia S'tout Chip- 
ley, was born at Lexington, Kentucky, Oct. i8, 1810, being the 
third child of his parents. He inherited from both parental 
lives a firm and vigorous organization, including a large and 
well-balanced brain with great intellectual potentialities. He 
received an academical education, and afterward the degree of 
Doctor of Medicine i''i832) from the Transylvania University : 
which for many years was the most prominent educational estab- 
lishment west of the Allegheny mountains. Soon after gradu- 
ating he commenced the practice of medicine in Columbus, 
Georgia, where, with the ardor of youthful ambition, and a con- 
sciousness of more than ordinary intellectual endowment, he 
developed not only a great interest in, but a capacity for politics 
and general affairs ; but returned to Lexington, Kentucky in 
1844, and limited his activities to the cultivation and practice of 
his profession. Successful as a practitioner and reputable as a man 
of learning, he was elected to the chair of Theory and Practice 
of Medicine in the medical department of Transylvania in 1853, 
and delivered the lectures from that chair until called to the po- 
sition of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of 
Kentucky, at Lexington, in 1855, then the oldest and, per- 
haps, largest public provision for the insane in the west : 
which position he occupied continuously for fifteen years, dis- 
charging the incumbent duties with ability and marked de- 
votion to the interests of the insane as well as the interests of 
the State. The asylum was greatly enlarged by new struc- 
tures, under his supervision, and ranked deservedly well among 



151 

the institutions of its class in America. Personal and politi- 
cal exigencies compelled Dr. Chipley to resign his superin- 
tendency in 1870 — soon after which he opened a private hos- 
pital for the insane at Lexington, which he conducted until 1875, 
when he accepted the Superintendency of the Cincinnati Sani- 
tarium, a private hospital for the insane, suburban to the city, 
the name of which it bears ; where, in the successful discharge of 
professional duties, February 11, 1880, he died of structural dis- 
ease, having nearly completed that term of years beyond which 
consciousness of existence is the chief compensation of life. 

Dr. Chipley was a man of imposing presence and dignified 
address. His characteristics as a man were loyalty to duty, 
principle and personal friendships. He was fond of society, 
especially of men, choosing by preference persons younger than 
himself. Professionally he was orthodox, adhering to the doc- 
trines and practices of the school from which he received in- 
struction . There was no smell of quackery in his garments. As 
an alienist he stood well with his co-laborers in the field of 
psychiatry — among his own people, prominent. His contribu- 
tions to the literature of science were not voluminous, but always 
respectable. He was an earnest, intelligent, sincere, practical 
man and jjhysician — a high-toned patriotic citizen, and under 
all circumstances a gentleman, in the American acceptance of that 
designation. 

While by his life he illustrated some of the more prominent 
virtues, claimed as peculiarly ''Christian," intellectually he re- 
jected the pretentions of Christian theology, and died as he had 
lived, a philosopher. 

His remains were returned to the earth, and repose in the cem- 
etery at Lexington, Kentucky, surrounded by -scenery endeared 
to him by all the incidents of a happy childhood, and the achieve- 
ments of an active and successful career. 



Dr. Joseph T. Webb was born in Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1827. 
Here he received his preliminary education. He entered the 



Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, and graduated 
with honors in the year 1848. Soon ^afterward he began the 
study of medicine in the office of his father, an eminent phy- 
sician of ChilHcot-he, and in due time matriculated at the Tran- 
sylvania ]Medical College, Lexington, Kentucky, where he grad- 
uated in 1852. He there opened an office and continued the 
practice of medicine in the city of Cincinnati until 1858, when 
he engaged in the manufacture of varnish in partnership with 
John Piaff, and continued in this business until t!ie opening of 
the war, in 1861, wlien he entered the volunteer service of the 
United States Army, as Surgeon of the 23d Ohio Volunteer In- 
fantry, in which capacity he served until the close of the war, in 
1865. Not long after this date he married Miss Anna Matthews, 
and traveled throughout Europe until 1871, when he was elected 
Superintendent of Longview Asylum for the Insane. He re- 
signed this office in 1S74, on account of ill health, and trav.eled 
again over Europe and America in the hope that change of air 
and location might be found of benefit to him. He died at 
Minneapolis, Minnesota, April 27, 1880, at the age of fifty-three. 
Thus passed away the soldier, the scholar and the gentleman in 
the prime of life, in the midst of his family and friends, sur- 
rounded by all that wealth, honor and distinction could procure. 
He was a man of great executive abih'ty, generous, sympathetic, 
imi)ulsive, and in his nature, kind and obliging, a true friend 
and a true gentleman. He was brother-in-law of Hon. R. 13. 
Hayes, ex-President of the United States, and also of Hon. 
Stanley Matthews, Associate Judge of the Supreme Court of the 
United States. 



Dr. Robert F. Baldwin, the eldest son of Dr. A. Stewart Bald- 
win and Catharine Mackey, was born in Winchester, Frederick 
County, Virginia, on the i6th day of August, 1829. As a child 
he was exceedingly attractive, possessed of rare personal beauty 
and a merry, joyous temper. As a youth, he was vigorous in 
healtlv, attentive to his studies, entered with ardor into all the 



^d3 
sports of boyhood, excelled in horse-back riding, and was gen- 
erous to a fault. Blessed with parents whose great aim was al- 
ways to make home the most attractive spot, and surrounded by 
very favorable circumstances, he early developed those domestic 
traits which made him, in after years, so thoroughly to centre 
his happiness in home life. After attending the academy in 
Winchester for several years, and impressed with the idea that he 
should follow in the footsteps of his father and grand-fathers, all 
of whom had gained high reputations as physicians, he entered 
the office of his father and his uncle. Dr. Robert F. Baldwin, as 
a medical student. Subsequently spending the year 1848-9 at 
the University of Virginia, thence he went to the University of 
Pennsylvania, where he graduated in medicine in 1851. Re- 
maining during the summer in hospital practice in Philadelphia, 
he returned to Winchester and commenced the practice of med- 
icine in partnership with his father. He rapidly gained the 
confidence of the intelligent and refined community in which he 
lived, and in a few years had a well-established practice. He 
was so highly esteemed by his professional brethren that they 
often called him to their assistance in consultation. In October, 
1856, he married Miss Carrie Barton, of Virginia, a lovely bride, 
who ever afterwards adorned with excellence, grace and affec- 
tion, his family and social circle. 

At the beginning of the sectional war of 1861, he espoused the 
cause of his native State, was commissioned a Colonel of Militia, 
and assigned to the 3TSt Virginia Infantry. While attempting 
to check the advance of a greatly superior force under General 
Lander, near Bath, in W^est Virgina, he, with a few of his com- 
mand, after a gallant resistance, was captured. In this action he 
bore himself with such gallantry and cool courage as to excite 
the admiration of General Lander, which was expressed in ap- 
propriate terms, in after years, by a member of his staff, when 
returning his sword, surrendered on that occasion. Remaining 
in Camp Chase and Fort Warren until 1862, he was exchanged 
and returned to Richmond, where he was commissioned a Sur- 
geon and assigned to duty with the 5th Virginia Infantry, in the 
Stonewall brigade. He served with this command for several 



154 
months, but owing to some dyspeptic trouble, he was reh'eve:! 
from field duty, ordered to Staunton, and assigned as Surgeon in 
charge of a general hospital. He discharged his duties in that 
capacity with great acceptability, and there develoj^ed the ad- 
ministrative talents for which he was afterward conspicuous 
when called to another field of usefulness. Returning to Win- 
chester in i<S65, he jnirsncd h.is practice with the same unselfish 
devotion until the siinuner of 1S74. For some months previous 
to that time, the cares and anxieties resulting from the extreme and 
l)rotracted illness of some members of his family, the loss of his 
venerated father, and subsequently of his devoted mother, with the 
added labors of a large practice, enfeebled his constitution. 
^Vhile in that condition, after a long ride on a hot summer day, 
he was seized with a violent pain in his right eye, from which he 
suffered intensely for several weeks. After rallying to some ex- 
tent from his prostration, he went to Baltimore, consulted Dr. 
Chisholm, who deemed an operation necessary and extirpated 
the eye, finding a small tumor on the optic nerve. He returned, 
and in a short time was apparently restored. 

A vacancy having occurred in the Western Lunatic Asylum, 
by the death of its superintendent. Dr. Francis T. Stribling, it 
devolved upon the Board of Trustees to elect his successor. Dr. 
Stribling had filled the position with distinguished honor to him- 
self and acceptability to the citizens of the State ; the institution, 
under his wise and judicious management, extending over a 
period of many years, had acquired and established such a repu- 
tation that the Board realized the im.portance of selecting one 
possessed of the qualifications necessary, not onh^ to maintain 
that degree of excellence which it had acquired under its late 
superintendent, but to conduct in still more extended fields of 
usefulness, as the demands increased for its enlargement. After 
due consideration, the Board decided to confide this important 
trust to Dr. Baldwin. In accepting it he realized the weighty 
responsibilities incurred, and the more so that in his professional 
career he had not made the subject of insanity an object of 
special study and practice ; but, trusting with a Christian's faith 
upon the guidance of a kind Providence, with self-reliance 



155 
acquired from long experience in his profession, a matured judg- 
ment and manly nature, he entered upon the duties of his po- 
sition, givins: himself wholly and earnestly to his work. Com- 
bining good attainments with fine executive ability, he soon 
gained the respect and confidence of his associates, and so con- 
ducted the institution in all its interests, that his administration 
received th.e cordial endorsement of his Board of Directors, en- 
deared him to the inmates of the asylum and their friends, and 
obtained for him the confidence and esteem of the community 
as a faithful and efficient public officer. 

Most of the members of this Association will remember the 
deep interest he took in all its proceedings, contributing what he 
thought might be beneficial to others, and in trying to obtain for 
himself a knowledge of the most improved methods of asylum 
management, by which to promote the welfare of his own insti- 
lution. The last meeting of the Aj^sociation which he attended, 
was the one held in Washington city, in 1878. A few weeks 
previous to the meeting held in Providence, in 1879, the writer 
received a letter from him, in which he expressed deep regret 
that he could not be present, said he was suffering with his eye, 
which had been again operated ui)on, and that he could not 
stand to be in a crowd. He was not benefitted by the second 
operation, and it soon became apparent to his friends that he 
could survive but a few months. His wife died during the sum- 
mer, and on the fourteenth of November he was called to rest 
from his labors and sufferings. 

Dr. Baldwin belonged to that class of men not distinguished 
for any peculiar characteristics, bat possessed all those qualities 
essential to the highest type of manhood. With good natural 
endowments and liberal culture, he was eminently a practical 
man. With an inherited fondness for his profession, he pursued 
it with energy and in the most catholic spirit. While animated 
with a laudable emulation, he observed the courtesies of the pro- 
fession with the most scrupulous care and guarded the reputation 
of a worthy brother of the fraternity as his own. Responding 
to the calls of the affluent he was compassionate to the afflicted 
and needy, and like the good Samaritan was ever ready to go to 



156 

their relief. As a public officer he held the trusts confided to 
him as sacred, and administered them with inflexible fidelity. 
Exemplifying in himself the principle of honesty and integrity 
upon which his character was based, inspiring others with the 
same spirit of zeal and unselfish devotion by which he was actua- 
ted, with the capacity to design and the firmness and energy ne- 
cessary to have his plans executed, he was making, in connection 
with the institution to which he was attached, a just and endu- 
ring fame, which caused his death to be the more deeply regret- 
ted, occurring as it did in the prime of his manhood and in the 
midst of his greatest usefulness. This regret was participated in 
and touchingly expressed by many of the inmates of the Asylum 
who had been the objects of his care and tenderest sympathies. 
In all the relations of life, both public and private, his character 
shone forth brightly as an honored type of the Christian gentle- 
man. 

In 1863, while nursing a brother, a most promising young- 
physician, in his last illness, he determined to become a follower 
of Christ, and soon after united with the Protestant Episcopal 
Church in which he was for many years a vestryman. His walk 
VN-as that of an humble and sincere Christian. A dutiful son, a 
cherished brother, a devoted and affectionate husband and father, 
and genial and social in disposition, he was the charm of the 
lamily circle in which he found his chief happiness. His doubly 
bereaved children will delight to cherish his memory, not only 
as a prominent and honored citizen of the State, but more, as a 
kind and affectionate father who never chided but in gentleness 
and love, and who delighted to make their youthful days bright 
and joyous. 

Intellectual and cultivated, manly and true, brave and gener- 
ous, firm and energetic, frank, amiable and gentle and adorned 
by the Christian graces, he combined the virtues and excellencies 
of a character of remarkable symmetry, and which was most fitly 
and tersely expressed by the Board of Directors of the Asylum 
in their annual report succeeding his death, in the following 
words: "A man of ability and administrative tact, he united 
to the highest factors of a true manhood, the gentleness and 



^57 
•graces of a woman, rounded out into the highest type of the 
Christian gentleman ;" and still further by Governor Holliday 
\vhen communicating the flict in his annual message to the Gen- 
eral Assembly of Virginia : ''It is also my duty to inform you 
<>f the more recent death of Dr. Robert F. Baldwin, Superin- 
tendent of the Western Lunatic Asylum. When elected a few 
years ago he was an eminent physician in the full practice of his 
profession. He entered upon the discharge of his duties at the 
Asylum with a high sense of the responsibilities whicli belonged 
to the office, and so bore himself as very soon to win the confi- 
dence of all by his ability, faithfulness and diligence in the dis- 
charge of the great trust. His death is a loss to the institution 
and to the profession of which he was so honored a member." 

His remains rest peacefully at a spot of his own selection in 
the beautiful valley which was the scene of his labors. His mem- 
ory will long remain green in the hearts of the* Virginia people, 
and may well be cherished by this Association as one, who in 
the few years of his membership, devoted the best energies and 
impulses of his nature to aid in its chief object,— the ameliora- 
tion of the condition of the insane. 



Wm, Maclay Awl was born in Harrisburg, Penn'a, on May 24, 
1799, his mother having been a lineal descendant of John Har- 
ris who founded Harrisburg, and the daughter of Wm. Maclay, 
the first Senator of the United States froq.i Pennsylvania; and 
M'hile quite young the family moved to a farm at a short distance 
from Sunbury, Penn'a. When fifteen years of age he was sent 
to the Academy in Northumberland kept by Rev. Isaac Greer 
and after his death by his ^on Robert C. Greer, afterwards Judge 
of the Supreme Court of the United States, and there he acquired 
all his preliminary education. He studied medicine with Dr. 
Samuel Agnew, of Harrisburg. He attended one course of lec- 
tures in the session of 1819-20 in the University of Pennsylva- 
jiia, which seems to have been the only course he attended. 



'58 
though he recei\ed the honorary degree of M. D. at a later date 
from Jefferson College. In the spring of 1826 he started on foot 
for Ohio and settled first at Lancaster, and an important surgical 
operation there performed gave him his first introduction into 
practice. After moving several times from place to place he 
finally settled in Columbus, Ohio, in 1833. His attention was 
first called to the care of the insane by a case which occurred 
while in Somerset, Ohio, which he was called upon to treat, a 
case of violent acute mania. Shortly after his settlement in 
Columbus an epidemic of Cholera occurred which gave him 
alnmdant opportunities of practice in the community at large 
and also in the Penitentiary. 

On Jan. 5, 1835, he attended a convention of medical men of 
Ohio which had been called by himself and several others to take 
some measures towards the care of the insane and the education 
of the blind. A memorial was presented to the Legislature on 
these subjects, and an appropriation was obtained towards the 
erection of a hospital for the insane, and Dr. Awl was appointed 
one of the Trustees to build it. He in company with two others 
visited the Eastern and Middle States to gain information on the 
subject. The building was completed in 1838 and Dr. Awl re- 
signed as 'i'rustee and was appointed Superintendent. 

He was one of the originators of the Ohio Listitution for the 
liiind arid was always dee])ly interested in that Institution and 
was physician of it at the time of his death. He continued in 
charge of the Lunatic Asylum until 1850 when he was displaced 
by that system of ])olitical appointment which has so unfortu- 
natel}' prevailed in CTliio from fhat day to this. 

Dr. Awl was one of the original thirteen members of this Asso- 
ciation and always manifested a warm interest in all its proceed- 
ings. He was Vice President from 1846 to 1848 and President 
from 1848 to 1851. He was also one of the original members of 
the American Medical Association, of which he was one of the 
first Vice Presidents. "In 1861 he was appointed by Gov. Deni- 
son one of the Board of Medical Examiners for surgeons of the 
Ohio Regiments and was President of that Board durins? its ex- 



159 

islence. In iSGz Gov. Tod apj^ointecl him Superintendent of 
the State Capitol, which office he held for six years. In 1873 
Gov. Allen appointed him Physician to the Blind Asylum, which 
office he held to the close of his life and prepared his last report 
only a few days before his death." He attended the meeting of 
the Association in Philadelphia in 1876. 

For several years he had been suffering from a complication of 
disorders and passed away cjuietly on November 19, 1876. He 
had for many years been a member and elder in the'Presbyterian 
Church. Dr. Awl was of a cheerful, lively disposition with a 
great fund of natural genial humor which made him a very plea- 
sant companion and united with great tact and sound common 
sense, served him admirably in deah'ng with the insane. 



Dr. Clement Adams ^^'alker was born in Fryeburg, Maine, 
July 3, 1820. He died suddenly after several years serious illness 
April 26, 1883, being 62 years and 9 months of age. His boy- 
hood was passed near the White Mountains of New Hampshire 
and almost in the shadow of Mt. Kearsage. The beautiful Saco 
intervale and Jockey Cap over-looking Lovewell's Pond, often 
recalled to him the stirring traditions of Indian warfare. 

He fitted for college at the Fryeburg Academy, a school once 
honored by the instructions of Daniel Webster, and still floui- 
i.shing. He graduated at Dartmouth College in the somewhat 
remarkable class of 1842, of which he was not the least distin- 
guished member. Among his classmates and college-mates I 
now recall Hon. L. F. Brigham, late Chief Justice of the Supe- 
rior Court of Massachusetts; Hon. Isaac Ames, late Judge of 
Probate for Suffolk County ; Rev. Dr. Samuel J. Spalding, of 
Nevvburyport ; Dr. J. Baxter Upham, of Boston, and Dr. John 
E. Tyler, for many years Superintendent of the McLean Asylum 
at Somerville, and an honored member of this Association. He 
enjoyed the life-long friendship of all these and many others of 
his class. His intimacy with Dr. Tyler began in College and 



i6o 

continued with more than brotherly affection until the death of 
the latter, a few years ago. His power of making and keeping 
friends was one of the strongest points of his character. 

During his college career his health gave way and he traveled 
in the South, teaching school in Virginia and making some valu- 
able acquaintances there. He had suffered from hemorrhage 
from the lungs, which led his friends to fear a fjtal result. He 
aftervvards acquired an apparently vigorous jjhysique which was 
severely tested by his thirty years of active hospital life. He 
was a little above the medium height and became stout in middle 
life. His eyes were dark and piercing, his lips expressive of 
firmness, the nose large and his hair straight and jet black in 
youth, but turning at thirty-five to white, with his snowy beard 
gave him the aspect of a vigorous old age in early manhood. 
He graduated in medicine at Harvard University in 1850, and 
began practice at South Boston under Dr. Charles H. Stedman, 
who was then physician to all the city institutions located there, 
including the Boston Lunatic Hospital. In 1847-9, ^vhen cho- 
lera and ship-fever were prevalent among the poor emigrants at 
the quarantine station at Deer Island, he volunteered with his 
classmate, Dr. Upham, to assist in the fever-sheds and rude hos- 
pitals erected there for temporary use. He entered on the work 
of managing these unfamiliar and dreaded diseases with charac- 
teristic promptness, courage and skill. Dr. Upham's reputation 
was speedily established by an able monograph on ship-fever ; 
and Dr. Walker's no less so by his success in dealing with the 
intractable diseases above mentioned. July i, 1851, Dr. Walker 
was appointed Superintendent of the Boston Lunatic Hospital, 
which position he held until his resignation on account of ill- 
health, January i, 1881, a period of nearly thirty years. 

This hospital, built in 1839, had been in charge of Dr. Butler, 
its first superintendent, and Dr. Stedman, whom Dr. Walker suc- 
ceeded, a period of twelve years. In its rear was a semi-de- 
tached building known as the ''Cottage," fitted up with cells like 
those of a police station, for the violent insane. Such cells were 
supposed to be a necessary adjunct to an hospital for the insane 
in those days. Dr. Walker at once advised their disuse, and, in 



> 



i6i 

a short time, succeeded in having them abandoned by gradually 
pLicing their occupants into the wards of the main building. 
He thus became the pioneer in the discontinuance of cells in the 
treatment of the insane in this country. He was remarkable for 
bringing things to pass. Whatever he took in hand he gave his 
whole mind to ; and his clear intelligence, strong will, and skill- 
fu\ management accomplished many things seemingly impossible. 
In the care of the insane, these ([ualities gave him a great advan-. 
tage over obstacles, and exerted a powerful moral influence upon 
patients and their friends. He never knew when to give up a 
case. With death at the very door he persisted in active and 
sometimes successful treatment. - While not neglecting judicious 
alimentation he had more faith in medicines than is fashionable 
at present. Wdiile life lasted there was not only hope, but active 
help for all his patients. In many ways he improved his hospi- 
tal, elevated the standard of treatment, diminished restraint, and 
brought about needed changes and reforms. For many years his 
advice was implicitly relied on by successive Boards of Visitors 
and Directors, 

He early recognized the necessity for better accommodations 
for the city's insane, and for years labored earnestly for this ob- 
ject, until success nearly crowned his efforts, A site for a new- 
hospital was purchased, plans made and adopted, and an appro- 
]:>riation passed only to be vetced by the Mayor, who opposed 
the project. It was said that the site was exposed, remote and 
difficult of access. But the substitute hospital at Danvers is as 
much exposed, ten times as remote and far more difficult of ac- 
cess. The site at Winthrop, said to be uninhabitable, is sur- 
rounded by dwellings, newly erected, is reached hourly by rail, 
and has just been sold for three times its cost to the city. This 
veto was a severe blow to his hopes, and he had only the sad sat- 
isfaction of seeing the city's plan of construction adopted at 
Danvers and of having the medical supervision of the work in 
behalf of the Commission which had it in charge. 

As an expert in mental disease, Dr. Walker was frequently 
called in Court in his own and other states. His opinions being 
deliberately formed and clearly expressed, carried weight in con- 



1 62 

sequence. His written opinions, reports and medical papers 
were always carefully prepared, condensed in expression and log- 
ical in method. His hand-writing even expressed his character, 
in its peculiar squareness and solidity. In dealing with men, a 
rare combination of strength of mind, sound judgment, tact and 
well-chosen language gave him great influence and made him a 
a safe adviser, a useful advocate and friend. He made the most 
humble, whose cause he espoused, feel that his chief desire for 
the moment was to serve his interests. The patience with which 
he entered into the details of another's troubles, or listened to 
the tedious recital of symptoms, was only equalled by the persist- 
ency with which he devoted himself to their relief. He left no 
stone unturned to accomplish his benevolent purposes. He was 
large-hearted, sympathetic and generous to a fault, and now and 
then was made the prey of ingenious schemers through an excess 
of misdirected sympathy. His social feelings were strong and 
his acquaintance grew in many directions. He was prominent 
in the Masonic order, reaching the highest degree attainable in a 
very short period, and devoting much time and energy to the 
subject while his interest lasted. He was an active member of 
this Association from 1851 until a short time before his death, 
and was your President for three years preceding his resignation 
of that office in 1882. When in good health he was usually 
present and took a leading part in your deliberations. During 
the war he was appointed Inspector of Hospitals and made a tour 
of service in the West. In 1872 he made a brief visit to Europe. 
A (ew years since, by the influence of the German Consul, he 
was presented with the decoration of an order of nobility for his 
humane treatment of an insane German citizen in Boston. He 
was a member of numerous medical societies, a complete list of 
which cannot be given at present. 

Dr. AValker was buried with Masonic honors and his funeral 
was attended by many of those whose physician, friend, or bene- 
factor he had been. Many a depressed and despairing sufferer 
whose burden he had lightened or removed has reason to bless 
his memory and to mourn his loss. You may perhaps ask if 
there was no defect or weakness in this excellent character I have 



i63 

attempted to describe. I should reply that there were many, but 
they were the defects of an exceptionally strong and noble nature. 
The world is full of minds made up of weaknesses in every pos- 
sible combination and we need no such examples. Here was a 
man of positive qualities, of great natural strength and excel- 
lence, whose influence was remarkable upon all with whom he 
came in contact. Let us then emulate the good and forget the 
weakness that was in him, since we may soon need a like charity 
for our own numerous failings. 

I cannot better close this sketch than by adding the following 
words by the Rev. Edward Everett Hale : " He was the personal 
friend of every patient, and brought to the miracle of cure the 
only power which can effect it, — the loving sympathy of the 
physician. He fairly commanded his broken patients, in instan- 
ces too many to name, by what we choose to call the magnetic 
power of his personal care. They believed in him. They did 
what he bade them. Behind all the resources of medicine and 
treatment, he had this requisite of victory, that he made them 
believe they would get well. Thirty years of such life exhausted 
him completely. We wonder that he lived so long. You cannot 
give out forever. Two years since he retired from the charge of 
the hospital, and, after a period of rest, which did fully restore 
him, he entered into private practice at the South end. But the 
end had really come. Symptoms of disease again and again 
alarmed his friends though nothing would alarm him ; and now, 
too soon for them, they have to dei)lore his sudden death. One 
looks at it as at the loss of a soldier who is shot down in battle 
at the head of a column. Any one who remembers, as the writer 
of these lines does, the homes this man has made happy, the 
lives he has restored to duty and joy; and who knows that in 
working such cure, his will, his resolution and determination 
were eating away even in the power of life by which he wrought 
them, feels that here is, indeed, one instance more of the way in 
which a brave man is willing to die for mankind." 



i64 

Dr. Isaac Ray was so intimatel}^ known to the members of this 
Association, and was so universally honored for his great abihty 
and the general soundness of his views on all subjects on which 
he wrote, that little more can be said in the necessarily limited 
space to which a notice of him, for insertion in the proceedings 
of the Association, must be confined. The death of Dr. Ray 
leaves but three of the original members of this body— two with 
their armor still on, and in active service, while the third enjoys, 
in his retirement, the honors due to long and faithful labor in 
this field of benevolent usefulness. 

Dr. Ray was one of the '' original thirteen " Superintendents 
who established "The Association of Medical Superintendents 
of American Institutions for the Insane" in 1844 ; was its Presi-. 
dent from 1855 to 1859, and always took a very marked interest 
in its proceedings. His papers read at its meetings were numer- 
ous and of great ability. Many of these cannot fail to take a 
permanent place in the literature of the profession. Dr. Ray 
formed the highest estimate of the importance of this Association 
and of the value of the work which it had done, and especially 
believed that to it the insane were to look for most of the changes 
which were likely to be made in their care and management, 
which could lay any claim to be for tiieir best interests or really 
worthy of the name of progress. Its •' propositions," now more 
than a quarter of a century old, and having stood the test of trial 
in every section of the country, had in him a staunch defender, 
and his practical knowledge and extended observation of other 
systems gave to his views an especial worth. At the meeting of 
this Association in Providence, in 1879, he was the recipient of 
distinguished honors from his old associates and friends from the 
Rhode Island State Medical Society, of which he had been 
President, and from Brown University, which, on this occasion 
conferred on him the honorary degree of Doctor of Law, Of 
the principles established by the Association, Dr. Ray, like all 
his most experienced brethren, was particularly decided in regard 
to the importance of a proper organization. He knew, from 
extended observation of other schemes, that only a single head, 
controlling, as he must have the responsibility of all depart* 



^65 

ments. can be relied on for a permanenily successful administra- 
tion, and he lost no suitable opportunity for enunciating this 
most important principle, no departure from which he believed 
-could ever be justified as tending to promote the best interests of 
the insane. 

The subject of this memoir becam-e a fellow of the College of 
Physicians of Philadelphia in July, 1868 ; he was always interest- 
■ed in its proceedings, often reading valuable original papers, and 
generally participating in its discussions. 'J1ie estimate in which 
he was held by his associates was shown by the action of the Col- 
lege on the occasion of his death, and by the resolutions subse- 
<[uently adopted and ordered to be entered on its minutes. It 
may safely be said that few men, at home or abroad, have attained 
41 higher eminence as members of the medical profession, as di- 
rectors of institutions for the treatment of the insane, and as 
writers on insanity and medical jurisprudence, than Dr. Ray. 
He became a resident of Philadelphia in the autumn of 1867, 
iind from that time took an active interest in whatever tended to 
advance the welfare and prosperity of his adopted home. He 
was a frequent contributor to the daily press, and almost all the 
subjects that were generally discussed, in one way or another, 
had the benefit of his mature judgment and thoughtful consider- 
ation. He was always ready to give his time to the promotion 
of objects of benevolence, and to render assistance to those who 
were specially unfortunate, and his very extended and varied ex- 
perience secured for his opinions a more than ordinary degree of 
respect and public confidence, 

Dr, Isaac Ray was a native of Massachusetts. Born of highly 
respectable parents, in the town of Beverly, on the i6th of Jan- 
uary, 1807, he there commenced his earliest education, subse- 
<|uently entering Phillips Academy at Andover, and afterwards 
Bowdoin College, where he remained till compelled by ill-health 
to leave his studies, which he had been prosecuting with great 
assiduity. As soon as his health was sufficiently restored, he be- 
gan the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Hart, of Beverly, 
completing his studies under Dr. Shattuck, a distinguished phy- 
sician in Boston, and ultimately graduating at the Medical De- 



i66 

paifment of Harvard University, in 1827. .In that year he begar* 
the practice of his profession at Portland, Maine, and while there 
he delivered his first course of lectures on botany — a branch of 
science for which he had a great fondness. It was at one of 
these lectures that he first met the lady whom he subsequently 
married in 1831, Miss Abigail May Frothingham, a daughter of 
the late Judge Frothingham of Portland, who still survives him 
and with whom he lived in a most happy union for a period of 
just two months less than fifty years. FroAi this marriage two 
children were born — a daughter, with rare traits of loveliness, 
vvho died at the age of fourteen, and a son, to whom further 
allusion will be made in a later part of this notice. 

About two years after Dr. Ray had commenced the practice of 
medicine in Portland, Maine, inducements were offered to him 
to leave that city and settle in Eastport, in the same state ; there, 
soon after, he fixed, as he then supposed, his permanent resi- 
den ce. 

It was at this time, while living in Eastport, that Dr. Ray first 
had his interest excited on the subject of insanity and the treat- 
ment of the. insane, and especially in reference to matters con- 
nected with the branch of medical jurisprudence relating to it. 
The prevalent views on all these subjects were then far behind 
what are common at the present day, and led Dr. Ray to prepare 
a work, "The Jurisprudence of Insanity," since generally rec- 
ognized as one of the highest authorities in this department of 
medico-legal knowledge, and quoted alike by alienists, lawyers 
and all others interested in the subject, at home and abroad. 
No better evidence of its being generally appreciated need be 
given than the fact that six editions have been exhausted in this 
country, while it was a source of grief to Dr. Ray that his con- 
dition of health rendered it impossible for him to prepare a 
seventh, which had been asked for by his publishers, and for 
which he had on hand interesting and important materials. The 
steady increase of popularity attained by the " Jurisprudence of 
Insanity," as might have been anticipated, led to a change in 
'the tone of the criticisms made in regard to it. From beinc: 



\ 



167 

original!}- adverse in many quarters, they became highly com- 
mendatory everywhere. 

Dr. Ray was appointed Medical Sujjerintendent of the State 
Hospital for the Insane, at Augusta, Maine, in the }ear 1841, and 
this led to his permanent removal from Eastport. He immedi- 
ately assumed the duties of this position, residing in the institu- 
tution till he v>'as invited by the Board of Trustees of the Butler 
Hospital at Providence, Rhode Island — which was then about to 
be organized — to become its Superintendent. 

The experience of hospital life and management in a State 
institution was of great importance to Dr. Ray. It enabled him 
to detect and expose many of the weak points to which this class 
of hospitals is made liable, and gave to the emphatic views which 
he afterwards expressed, a particular value, from the practical 
nature of the observations which had led to them. He never 
failed to censure in the strongest terms the evil results of a politi- 
cal management, of giving to the directors of such institutions 
a personal and pecuniary interest in their business affairs, and of 
confiding to those in no way qualified by education and expe- 
rience the control of the important matters of treatment and 
government assigned to them. He was always ready to denounce 
an institution without a head, as much as one with many heads, 
as a monstrosity that could not, unless under extraordinary cir- 
cumstances, be more than a temporary success ; and his enuncia- 
tion of sound views on all such subjects, on all proper occasions, 
has exercised an important influence in every part of the country. 

Dr. Ray found his position at Providence a specially pleasant 
one. His labor was much less arduous than it had previously 
been ; he was enabled to carry out his own well-considered plans, 
and it afforded him a long-desired opportunity to visit many of 
the more prominent institutions for the insane in Great Britain 
and on the Continent. The fruits of abundant practical knowl- 
edge and a careful study of the whole subject, gave him special 
qualifications in these investigations to detect errors, and to 
make a trustworthy comparison of the actual advantages and dis- 
advantages to be found in the institutions at home and abroad. 



i68 

With this view Dr. Ray sailed for Europe soon after his appoint- 
ment, and in this manner passed the summer months of 1845. 
He spent the next two years in superintending the erection of 
the Butler Hospital, which was opened for the -e retUon of patients 
in 1847. Then taking up his residence in the hospital, he re- 
mained there superintending its affairs with great ability, and to 
the satisfaction of all who were in any way connected with it, 
till January, 1867, when his impaired health compelled him to 
resign this position to which he was so much attached, and in 
which he had done so much to elevate the standard of hospital 
treatment for the insane. This relief from labor and from all the 
cares and anxieties unavoidably incident to the conscientious su- 
perintendence of a hospital of this description made him greatly 
enjoy a rest, such as he had never before taken except during the 
trip to Europe. He spent most of the year in visiting his pro- 
fessional brethren indifferent parts of the country, and in select- 
ing a place for his permanent residence, finally accepting the city 
of Philadelphia. Here he continued to live at his residence on 
Baring Street till his death on the morning of the 3rst of March, 
1881, being then in the seventy-fifth year of his age. 

The change from a New England climate to that of Philadel- 
phia, and the rest from constant labor which was permitted him, 
made a great improvement in Dr. Ray's health. He increased 
his literary work, enjoyed engaging in matters of general public 
interest, and found himself able to take an amount of physical 
exercise to which of late he had been a stranger. His regained 
strength enabled him also to accept calls in consultation from his 
professional brethren, and especially as an expert in legal and 
criminal cases in which his services were frequently solicited. 
Dr. Ray was a member of many professional and scientific asso- 
ciations. Wherever he was thus associated he was noted for his 
active interest, and for the part he took in the preparation of pa- 
pers, and his participation in any discussions that might take 
place. Dr. Ray was one of the founders of the Social Science 
Association, and was always an intelligent studeiit of every sub- 
ject which came under its consideration. His papers read before 
it, and his views in all matters that received its attention, were 



169 

distinguished for practical good sense and advanced conclusions 
in regard to the welfare of the communit}'. 

He was, at^one time, a most useful member of the Board of 
Guardians of Philadelphia, giving his valuable time to the duties 
<»f the post, which, conscientiously performed, could not fail to 
be oneroiis. His experience and his devotion to the insane led 
him to take an active part in the work of that department. He 
was not long in detecting its grave defects, and in suggesting the 
l*roper remedies; but the minority, with which he acted, had the 
power to introduce but a few of the reforms which they knew to 
be indispensable. It is one of the remarkable events of the times 
that the public authorities were willing to dispense with the unre- 
munerated services of such a man as Dr, Ray, to make a place 
for some one who had not, and who from his previous life could 
not have, the first element of knowledge fitting him for a post, 
one of th€ most important duties of which was to secure for the 
insane a hberal and enlightened treatment. 

Dr. Ray delivered two courses of lectures on *' Insanity and 
Medical Jurisprudence" before the class of one of the medical 
colleges of Philadelphia, but, as usually happened in regard to 
his public labors of the kind, they were without compensation, 
and demanded an amount of time which he could ill afford te 
continue to give. While it must be acknowledged that it is not 
easy to give such a course of instruction to students as Dr. Ray 
was competent to impart, still it must be conceded that lectures 
of this kind in every medical school would do much to advance 
the study of mental diseases and their treatment ; would make 
the profession, and through it the public, better able to detect 
the many defective schemes of organization now presented for 
hospitals for the insane, and would lead to a much higher order 
of discussions in many of the meetings held ostensibly for the 
special improvement of the care of the insane, and in others in 
which their management of late has seemed to be the Hivorite 
subject for consideration. 

Dr. Ray was about the medium stature, but did not possess a 
very robust constitution. His features were marked and his gen- 



eral expression grave. He had an abundance of ratlier stiff hair, 
widch of late years was entirely wliite, and from his way of treat- 
ing it, it was commonly somewhat in disorder. His manner was- 
dignified, his language clear and distinct, and in speaking or 
writing he always used a pure English, and attracted the atten- 
tion of his auditors no less by his personil aj^pearance than by 
his manner of delivery and the matter of his remarks. 

Dr. Ray, for many years, had been troubled with a chronic 
cough which seemed to be bronchial in its character. Although 
annoying, this cough did not appear m.iterially to affect his gen- 
eral health, and after taking counsel from the most able of his 
medical brethren, he seemed to have concluded that his malady 
was one not likely to be removed by treatment. The great 
change in Dr. Ray's health, which occurred in the latter part of' 
JS79, was evidently more the result of a great and unexpected 
family affliction, than of his previous condition. His only son^ 
Dr. B. Lincoln Ray, was a highly educated physician, living 
with his parents in Philadelphia, greatly valued by them, and dis- 
tinguished as a student and writer of very marked ability. Of 
vigorous personal appearance, he nevertheless was conscious for 
some time before his death, of an impending cerebral malady, 
which gave him very serious apprehensions. On the evening of 
?he 7th of December, 1879, these indications of brain trouble 
were suddenly developed into an acute attack, which, with great 
suffering, ended his life in the short ].eriod of forty-two hours. 
To this only son, his ])arents had looked forward as a comfort 
and support in their advancing age. 'l'he\ had been proud of 
his abilities, and frcm his filial devotion, and as an appreciative 
ex])onent of his views, his honored father had hoped to have jus- 
tic done to his labors, as an author, by one abundantly capable 
to give a proper exposure to those wdio had not hesitated to use 
his thoughts and occasionally his very language, while forgetting 
to give the slightest word of acknowledgment. It was not won- 
derful that the sudden death of this son, at the meridian of life, 
should have left results of no ordinary character. This sad 
event, so unlooked for, was a shuck to the father, which did more 
to prostrate his health and strength than would ha\e been done 



171 

by years of customary labor. With his intimate friends he was 
stili the same genial character, still interested in whatever con- 
cerned his profession or his fellow man ; but he ceased to write, 
complained of what had formerly been a pleasure now becoming 
a toil to him ; found his flesh wasting and his strength diminish- 
ing, and frequently showed a sadness quite unnatural to him. 
Gradually he became less and less able to take his usual amount 
of out-door exercise, or to attend to the calls of professional 
business. From the early part of December, 1880, he remained 
in his house, still seeing his friends, interested in his books and 
in what was going on in the world and in his specialty, but stea- 
dily losing weight and strength. To avoid the fatigue of going 
up stairs, he ultimately made his library, in the second story, his 
lodging room, and spent the greater part of every day at his front 
window in the adjoining apartment, reclining in an easy chair — 
a highly valued present, years before, from a beloved professional 
brother — and looking out from it upon what was passing on the 
active thoroughfare before him, and on the beautiful gardens of 
the houses opposite his residence. From his daily increasing 
weakness his friends realized that the end must be near. On the 
evening of the -^ist of March, 1881, he retired at about the usual 
hour. After being in bed he had one troublesome spell of 
coughing, but then sle])t quietly? only once in the early morning, 
inquiring the hour. So peacefully did he rest, and so calm was 
his sleep, that he made no sound of any kind, nor moved a mus- 
cle, as far as could be heard ; and when approached somevN'hat 
later, there had been no change in his position, but life had de- 
parted, and only what was mortal remained of this noble and 
useful man. 

Dr. Ray was a man of great versatility of talent. His ability 
as a writer is well known, and his conversational powers were 
remarkable. He had a great facility in adapting himself to any 
society in which he might be placed, and was equally agreeable 
to the grave professional man, or to the specialist, as to those of 
tenderest age, with whom he was usually a great favorite. While 
to a stranger Dr. Ray's manner might at first appear somewhat 
austere, this impression was removed by a very limited inter- 



172 

course. By his intimate friends and associates he was specially 
honored and esteemed and no one was more cordially welcomed 
in the social circle. 

A list of Dr. Ray's writings, which has been preserved, shows 
how industrious an author he was, and how multifarious were the 
subjects in which he took an interest. From 1828, when his first 
publication of which any record has been kept, was made, down 
to t88o, during which year he published his last contributions in 
the press, it will be seen that but a single year passed in which 
something original was not noted. 



Dr. R. H. Gale was born in Owen County, Kentucky, on the 
twenty-fifth day of January, 1828. His life, though cut off a 
little past middle age, was singularly eventful. Graduating when 
(^uite young from Transylvania University at Lexington in his 
native state, he entered the office of his father, an eminent and 
popular physician, as well as a wealthy and influential man, and 
after the usual term of pupilage, under the care of so interested 
and capable a preceptor, he was enrolled in the classes of the 
Jefferson Medical College of 1847 and 48, graduating with excel- 
lent standing the latter year. His first location in the pursuit of 
his profession was at Covington, Kentucky, where it is said his 
practice was signalized from the beginning by marked success. 
While in this field he became a staff officer of the Cincinnati 
Commercial Hospital. After very creditable public service and 
while possessed of a flattering and remunerative private clientage, 
he was induced by his family and their friends to change his loca- 
tion to the midst of the community in wiiich he had been reared : 
where his personal worth was appreciated, it might be said, to a 
degree of partiality, and his professional capability and skill 
were recognized at once. A man of lively sympathies and of a 
generous and genial nature, he could never feel indifferent as to 
whatever affected in any way those among whom he lived and 
moved. He was distinctly and distinctively one of the people. 
Influenced by their wishes, he was twice elevated bv their suffra- 



173 

ges to the office of County and Probate Judge of Owen County. 
Subsequently he served his county one or more terms in the leg- 
islative councils of the State, assuming a prominent part in their 
proceedings and leaving a highly creditable and flattering record. 
At the beginning of the war, impelled by his ardent sympathies 
with the South, he entered the service of the Confederate States 
in Col. D. Harvard Smith's regiment, which constituted a por- 
tion of Gen. John H. Morgan's famous command. His health 
failing from the energetic ]jerformance of his very arduous du- 
ties, he was obliged to resign his position and quit the service. 
After the war, he settled in Louisville where he immediately rea- 
lized the eminence which he had already achieved. He very soon 
commanded a lucrative practice and assumed a prominent place 
upon the staff of the City Hospital, where, his tastes affecting 
surgery most, he took an enviable stand among the many power- 
ful and eminent men then and still identified with the specialty 
in that institution. Besides devoting considerable time to clini- 
cal teaching in the hospital, he also gave lectures for several sea- 
sons in the Louisville Medical College. He was chosen about 
the same time Secretary, who was also ex-ofificio financial mana- 
ger of the Physician's Medical Aid Society. In 1873, he was 
api^ointed Surgeon to the Louisville, Cincinnati and Lexington 
Railroad, and a year later by the Paducah road to a similar posi- 
tion. In this capacity he served these roads till 1879, when he 
was a])pointed by Gov. Blackburn as Superintendent of the Cen- 
tral Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, in which position he continued 
till thiC day of his death which occurred, as remarkable, on the 
day fixed for his resignation of the office to take effect. Lately, 
Dr. Gale had realized, very sensibly and painfully, the aptness of 
the pithy and pointed words of somebody, that "a superintend- 
ent of an asylum for the insane dwells ever upon a volcano liable 
at any moment to erupt a catastrophe." He was both confining 
and indulgent and trusted his subordinates perha];s unduly. Un- 
fortunate occurrences, concealed from him, led to charges which 
challenged investigation and which eventuated in confirmation. 
Although the great mass of the testimony in the j^remises went 
very far to exculpate Dr. Gale himself, and to establish the good- 



174 
ness of his nature and efficiency of his management, still the 
worry and anxiety incidental to tlie proceedings so preyed upon 
his sensitive feelings and already failing health, as, no doubt, to 
hasten his death. 

In 1846, when in his nineteenth year, Dr. Gale was married to 
Miss M. C. Green, a most charming and estimable lady, whose 
death in 1880 preceded his own. As the fruit of this union three 
children survive their parents, one son and two daughters, all 
married. Only a few weeks ago he was joined in a second mar- 
riage ; this time to Mrs. Susan Bryant, an amiable and excellent 
lady, the daughter of Dr. Hughes, a gentleman of fine fortune 
and great influence, residing near Springfield, Kentucky. In his 
|)ersonality Dr. Gale was a man physically of an exceptionally 
fine order j of commanding size he was well proportioned, gain- 
ly and graceful. Socially he was genial and unreserved, while 
lie excelled as an agreeable and entertaining conversationalist. 
Although possessed of mental endowments and culture much 
above the ordinary plane, still his breeding and native modesty 
would never allow these qualities to even seem obtrusive. He 
died at the residence of his son-in-law, Mr. J. C. Reid, in Owen 
County, near the place of his birth, on the 22d day of April, 
uU., in the fifty-seventh year of his age. 



175 



List of Officers of the Association. 



PRESIDENTS. 

Samuel B. Woodward, M. D 1844 to 1848 

Wm. M. Awl, M. D 1848 to 1851 

Luther V. Bell, M. D 1851 to 1855 

Isaac Ray, M. D 1855 to 1859 

Andrew McFarland, M. D 1859 to 1862 

Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D 1862 to 1870 

John S. Butler, M. D 1S70 to 1873 

Charles H. Nichols, M. D 1873 to 1879 

Clement A. Walker, M. D 1879 to 1882 

John H. Callender, M. D 1882 to 1883 

John P. Gray, M. D 1883 to 1884 

Pliny Earle, M. D 1884 to 1885 

VICE PRESIDENTS. 

Samuel White, M. D 1844 to 1846 

Wm. M. Awl, M. D 1846 to 1848, 

Amariah Brigham, M. D 1848 to 1850 

Luther V. Bell, M. D 1850 to 1851 

Isaac Ray, M. D 1851 to 1855 

Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D 1855 to 1862 

John S. Butler, M. D 1862 to 1870 

Charles H. Nichols, M. D 1870 to 1873 

Clement A. Walker, M. D 1873 to 1879 

John H. Callender, M. D 1879 to 1882 

John P. Gray, M. D 1882 to 1883 

Pliny Earle, M. D 1883 to 1884 

O. Everts, M. D 1884 to 1885 



176 
SECRETARIES. 

Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D 1844 to 185 1. 

Horace A. Buttolph, M. D 185 1 to 1854. 

Charles H. Nichols, M. D 1854 to 1858. 

John Curwen, M. D 1858 to 

TREASURERS. 

Thomas S. Kirkbride, M. D 1844 to 1855. 

John S. Butler, M. D 1855 to 1862, 

O. M. Langdon, M. D , . . . i8;52 to 1870, 

In 1870, the offices of Secretary and Treasurer were united 
and John Curwen, M. D., was chosen Treasurer in that year. 



i 



177 



Meetinors of the Association. 



The following statement gives the time, place and the number 
attending each meeting : 

I. Philadelphia .October 16, 1844 13. 

3. Washington May 11, 1846 21. 

3. New York May 8, 1848 20. 

4. Utica May 21, 1849 ^7- 

5. Boston June 18, 1850 28. 

6. ' Philadelphia May 19, 1851 22. 

7. New York May 18, 1852 .... 26. 

8. Baltimore May 10, 1853 ... .20. 

9. Washington ...May 9,1854 22. 

10. Boston May 22, 1855 .26. 

11. Cincinnati May 19, 1856 28. 

12. New York May 19, 1857 35. 

13. Quebec June 8,1858 24. 

14. Lexington, Ky May 17, 1859 .... 17. 

15. Philadelphia May 28, i860 34. 

16. Providence, R. I June 10, 1862 20. 

17. New York .May 19, 1863 25. 

18. Washington May 10, 1864 20. 

19. Pittsburgh June 13, 1865 19. 

20. Washington Apr. 24, 1866 27. 

21. Philadelphia May 21, 1867 32. 

22. Boston . .• June 2, 1868 32. 

2^. Staunton June 15, 1869 25. 

24. Hartford June 15, 1870 39. 

25. Toronto June 6, 1871 37. 

26. Madison May 28, 1872 41. 



178 

27- Baltimore May 27, 1873 52 

28. Nashville May 19, 1874 35 

29. Auburn, N. Y May 18, 1875 49 

30. Philadelphia J^^ne 13, 1876 56 

31. St. Louis May 29, 1877 .... 40 

32. Washington May 14, 1878 49 

33. Providence June 10, 1879 47 

34. Philadelphia May 25, 1880 49 

35. Toronto June 14, 1881 40 

36. Cincinnati May 30, 1882 41 

37. Newport, R. I June 26, 1883 43 

^8. Philadelphia May 14, 1884 50 



179 



List of the Hospitals for the Insane 



In the United States and the British Provinces, with 

the names of their Superintendents and the dates 

of their terms of service, so far as they 

could be ascertained. 



MAINE. 

Hospital for the Insane, Augusta — October 14, 1840. 

Dr. Cyrus KnapjD took charge October 14, 1840 ; resigned April 

14. 1841. 
Dr. Chaiincey Booth acted as Superintendent until August 12, 

1841. 
Dr. Isaac Ray appointed August 12, 1841 ; resigned March 19, 

1845- 
Dr. James Bates appointed March 19, 1845 ; resigned February i, 

1851. 
Dr. Henry M. Harlow appointed June 17, 1852, having been 

acting Superintendent after Dr. Bates' resignation ] resigned 

June I, 1883. 
Dr. Bigelow T. Sanborn appointed June i, 1883. 



NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

Insane Asylum, Concord — October 28, 1842. 

Dr. George Chandler appointed March 6, 1842; resigned . 

1845. 
Dr. A. McFarland appointed August 26, 1845 ; resigned July 30, 

1852. 



i8o 
Dr. John E. Tyler appointed October 5, 1852 ; resigned April 

15. 1857. 
Dr. J. P. Bancroft appointed May 7, 1857 ; resigned March 31, 

1882. 
Dr. C. P. Bancroft appointed April i, 1882. 



VERMONT. 

Asylum for the Insane, Brattleboro' — Opened December 

12, 1836. 

Dr. William H. Rockwell appointed June 28, 1836 : resigned 
August ig, 1872. 

Dr. William H. Rockwell, Jr., appointed August 19, 1872 ; re- 
signed December 11, 1872. 

Dr. Joseph Draper appointed December 11, 1872. 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

McLean Asylum, Someryille — 18 18. 

Dr. Rufus Wyman appointed March 23, 181S : resigned ]\Iay i. 

1835. 
Dr. Thomas G. Lee appointed January 16. 1835 ; died October 

29, 1836. 
Dr. Luther V. Bell appointed December 11, 1836; resigned 

March 16, 1856. 
Dr. Chauncey Booth appointed March 16, 1856; died January 

12, 1858. 
Dr. JohnE. Tyler appointed February 12, 1858 : resigiied >Larch 

3. 1871. 
Dr. J. H. Whittemore in charge to July i, 1871. 
Dr. Isaac Ray from July i to October i, 1871. 



i8i 

1 )r. George F. Jelly appointed October 13, 1871 ; resigned June 

I; 1879- 
Dr. Edward Cowles appointed June i, 1879, ^^^ entered on the 

duties December 11, 1879, 
Dr. Frank W. Page acting as Supt. in the interim. 

Boston Lunatic Hospital, South Boston— 1839. 

Dr. John S. Butler appointed September 16, 1839; resigned 

October 10, 1842. 
Dr. Charles H. Stedman appointed October 10, 1842 ; resigned 

July I, 1 85 1. 
Dr. Clement A. ^^'alker appointed July i, 185 1 ; resigned January 

I, 18S1. 
i>r. Theodore ^^^ Fisher appointed January i, 1881. 

State Lunatic Hospital, Worcester. 

Dr. Samuel B. Woodward appointed September 26, 1832; re- 
signed June 30, 1846. 
Dr. George Chandler appointed July i, 1846 ; resigned April i, 

1856. 
Dr. Merrick Bemis appointed April i, 1856; resigned May 31. 

1872. 
Dr. B. D. Eastman appointed July 5, 1872 ; resigned March i, 

1879. 
Dr. John G. Park appointed March i, 1879. 

A new building was erected some distance out the city of 
Worcester and the old hospital building was retained as an Asy- 
lum for the Chronic Insane and was opened on October 23, 1877 
and Dr. John G. Park was appointed Superintendent October i , 
1877, and remained until March i, 1879. 
Dr. Hosea M. Quinby appointed March i, 1879. 

State Lunatic Hospital, Taunton. 

Dr. George C. S. Choate appointed October 24, 1853 ; resigned 
December 7, 1869. 



Dr. W. W. Godding appointed April 8, 1870 ; resigned Septem- 
ber I, 1877. 
Dr. J. P. Brown appointed January 4, 1878. 

State Lunatic Hospital, Northampton. 

Dr. Wm. H. Prince appointed August 20, 1857 ; entered on 

duty October i, 1857 ; resigned April i, 1864. 
Dr. Pliny Earlq appointed July 2, 1864. 

State Lunatic HosprTAL, Danvers. 

Dr. C. S. May appointed January 12, 1878 j resigned August 9, 

1880. 
Dr. Wm. B. Goldsmith appointed February 17, 1881. 



RHODE ISLAND. 

Butler Hospital for the Insane, Providence. 

Dr. Isaac Ray appointed in 1845, service to commence May i; 

1846; resigned January i, 1867. 
Dr. John W. Sawyer appointed January i, 1867. 



CONNECTICUT. 

Retreat for the Insane, Hartford — April i, 1824. 
Dr. Eli Todd appointed January 7, 1823 ; died November 17, 

1833- 
Dr. Silas Fuller appointed June 11, 1834; resigned June 13, 

1840. 
Dr. Amariah Brigham appointed July 13, 1840 ; resigned August 

16, 1842. 



1 83 

Dr. John S. Butler appointed May 13, 1843 ; resigned October 

27, 1872. 
Dr. James H. Denny appointed November 25, 1872 ; resigned 

January 9, 1874. 
Dr. Henry P. Stearns appointed January 23, 1874. 

Connecticut Hosptjal for ihe Insane, Middletown. 
Dr. A. M. Shew appointed October 14, 1866. 



NEW YORK. 

Bloomingdale Asylum, New York. 

The Department for the Insane of the New York Hospital was 
opened at the present site in June, 1821, under the name of 
Bloomingdale Asylum, with Dr. James Eddy as Resident Physi- 
cian and Dr. John Neilson as Visiting Physician. Dr. Neilson 
occupied that position until January, 1831, when he resigned 
and a Visiting Physician was dispensed with. Dr. Albert Smith 
was Resident Physician from September, 1822, to March, 1824. 
John Neilson, Jr., M. D., from March, 1824, to May, 1824. 
Abraham V. Williams, M. D., from May, 1824, to June, 1825. 
James Macdonald, M. D., from June, 1825, to December, 1830, 
and Guy C. Bayley, M. D., from December 1830, till Dr. Mac- 
donald returned from Europe in 1832. In May, 1831, Dr. James 
Macdonald was appointed Physician, spent fifteen months in 
Europe and returned in the latter part of 1832. 
Dr. James Macdonald appointed October 13, 1832; resigned 

August 15, 1837. 
Dr. Benjamin Ogden appointed September i, 1837; resigned 

September 16, 1839. 
Dr. William Wilson appointed September 16, 1839; resigned 

April I, 1844-. 
Dr. Pliny. Earle appointed April i, 1844; resigned April, 1849. 



i84 
Dr. Charles H. Nichols appointed iVpril, 1849 ; resigned May, 

1852. 
Dr. D. T. Brown appointed June, 1852 ; resigned January, 1877. 
Dr. Charles H. Nichols appointed July i, 1877. 

New York City Lunatic Asylum, Blackwell's Island, 

Was in charge of Assistant Physicians from Bellevue Hospital 
until October, 1847, ^vhen Dr. M. H. Ranjiey was appointed 
Superintendent and he held the position till his death, Decem- 
ber 7, 1864. 

Dr. R. L. Parsons appointed January 7, 1865 : resigned August 
I, 1877. 

Dr. Wm. W. Strew appointed October i, 1877; removed Novem- 
ber 19, 1879. 

Dr. Thomas M. Franklin was appointed Medical Superintendent 
of the Branch Institution on Hart's Island on January 5, 1879 
and transferred to the charge of the Main Hospital April 5, 
1880. 

Kings Co. Lunatic Asylum, Flaibuph, L. I. 

Dr. Francis Bullock, died in 1863. ^| In the 

Dr. Martin E. Winchell. 

V old 

Dr. T. M. Ingraham. 

Dr. E. S. Blanchard. J Asylum. 

Dr. Robert B. Baisely appointed October, 1855 ; resigned 1857- 

Dr. John V. Lansing appointed May 7, 1857 ; resigned 1858. 

Dr. Edward R. Chapin appointed May 7, 1858; resigned No- 
vember 8, 1873. 

Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald appointed November 8, 1873 ; re- 

, signed August 5, 1874. 

Dr. James A. Blanchard appointed August 10, 1874 ; resigned 
May 23, 1877. 

Dr. H. L. Bartlett appointed May 31, 1877, but the appointment 
reconsidered June 6, 1877, and Dr. Blanchard directed to re- 
main in charge. 

Dr. Blanchard removed July 11, 1877. 



i85 
l)r. R. S. Parsons appointed July ii, 1877 ; removed August 31, 

1S78. 
Dr. J. C. Shaw appointed Septemter i, 1878. 

Hospital for Chronic Insane. 

Dr. Guy D, Daly appointed January i, 1877 j removed July 16, 
1881. 

Dr. J. A. Arnold appointed July 16, 1881 ; transferred to Hospi- 
tal October 15, 188 1. 

Dr. J. S. Woodside appointed October 15, 1881 ; removed No- 
vember 30, 1883. 

Institution placed in charge of Dr. Shaw December i, 1883,, and 
both buildings conducted as one Asylum, 

New York City Asylum for the Insane, Ward's Island. 

Dr. M. G. Echeverria appointed December 31, 187 1 ; resigned 

November 6, 1872. 
Dr. Theo. H. Kellogg appointed November 25, 1872 ; resigned 

August I, 1874. 
Dr. A. E. Macdonald appointed August i, 1874. 

New York State Lunatic Asylum, Utica — January 16, 1843. 

Dr. Amariah Brigham appointed September 9, 1842 ; died Sep- 
tember 8, 1849, 
Dr. N. D. Benedict appointed November 3,. 1849 ; resigned July 

I, 1854. 
Dr. John P. Gray appointed July i, 1854. 

Marshall Infirmary, Troy, New York. 

Insane Department opened August, 1859. 

Dr, J. D. Lomax appointed October 12, 1863. 

HuDS )n River State Hospital, Poughkeepsik, New York. 

Dr. J. M. Cleveland appointed March 28, 1867. 



1 86 

State Homeopathic Asylum for the Insane, Middletown., 
New York — May 7, 1874. 

Dr. Henry R. Stiles appointed April, 1874; re.si^iiei Fel^ruarv 

9, 1877. 
Dr. Selden H. Talcott appointed April 13, 1877. 

WlLLARD ASVTUM FOR i'HE InSANE, VViLLARD, SeNECA LaKE. 

Dr. John B, Chapin appointed April i, 1869 ; resigned August 2. 

1884. 
Dr. P. M. Wise appointed August 2, 1884. 

State Asylum for Insane Crlminals, Auburn. 

Dr. Edward Hall appointed November 6, 1858; removed June i, 

1862. 
Dr. Charles E. Van Anden appointed June i^ 1862; resigned 

February 17, 1870. 
Dr. James W. Wilkie appointed February 17, 1870; died March 

13, 1876. 
Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald appointed March 17, 1876; resigned 

October i, 1879. 
Dr. Theodore Deinen appointed October i, 1S79 ; removed May 

15, 1881. 
Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald appointed June i, 1881. 

Buffalo State Asylum for the Insane — Opened Novemher 

15, 1880. 

Dr. J. B. Andrews appointed June 30, 1880. 

BRKmAM Hall, Canandatgua. 

Dr. George Cook, October i, 1855 ; killed June 11, 1876.' 
Dr. D. R. Burrell appointed November 14, 1S76. 



i87 
Sanford Hall, Flushing. 

Dr. James Macdonald established an institution on Murray Hill 
in New York city in 1841, and removed to Sanford Hall in 
Flushing in 1845. 

Dr. James Macdonald died in 1849. 

Dr. Henry W. Buel in charge from 1849 to 1854. 

Dr. J. Whitney Barstow took charge in 1854. 



NEW JERSEY. 

State Lunatic Asylum, Trenion. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph appointed April 19, 1847 ; resigned Novem- 
ber 10, 1875, to take effect April i, 1876. 

Dr. John W. Ward appointed March 15, 1876; took charge 
April I, 1876. 

State Asylum for the Insane, Morris Plains. 

Dr. H. A. Buttolph appointed June 29, 1875; opened the Insti- 
tution August 17, 1876; retired from Superintendency January 
I, 1885. 



PENNSYLVANIA. 

Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane — Opened January i, 

1 841. 

Dr. Thomas S. Kirkbride appointed October 12, 1840; died 

December 16, 1883. 
Dr. John B, Chapin took charge September t, 1884. 



k 



Friend's Asylum for the Insane, Frankford. 

Dr. Joshua H. VVorthington appointed May i, 1850; resigned 

November i, 1877. 
Dr. John C. Hill appointed November i, 1877. 

Insane Department of the Philadelphia Almshouse. 



Dr. N. D. Benedict appointed November 9, 1845 ; resigned 

February 18, 1850. 
Dr. Wm. S. Haines appointed February iS, 1850; resigned 

February 11, 1853. 
Dr. J. D. Stewart appointed February 11, 1853; died April. 

1854. 
Dr. A. B. Campbell appointed May i, 1854; resigned July 2, 

1855- 
Dr. R. K. Smith appointed July 2, 1855 ; resigned July 21, 1856. 
Dr. x'\. B, Campbell appointed July 21, 1856 ; resigned June 8, 

1857. 

Dr. James McClintock appointed June 8, 1857 ; resigned July 5, 
1858. 

Dr. R. K. Smith appointed July 5, 1858 : resigned September 24. 
1859. 

Dr. S. VV. Butler appointed September 24, 1859; resigned De- 
cember I, 1866. 

Dr. D. D. Richardson appointed December i, 1866 : resigned 
September, 1880. 

Dr. A. A. McDonald appointed September^ 1880; resigned Jan- 
uary, 1 88 1, 

Dr. D. D. Richardson appointed i\pril i, 1881. 

Until 1859, the gentlemen above named were Medical Super- 
intendents of the Philadelphia Almshouse, and the Insane De- 
partment was separated in 1859 when the office of Medical Su- 
perintendent of the whole Institution was abolished. 



189 

Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg — Opened 
October i, 185 i. 

Dr. John Curweii appointed February 14, 185 1 ; left February 12, 

1881. 
Dr. J. Z. Gerhard appointed December 30, 1880. 

\\'estern Pennsylvanla Hospital for the Insane, Dixmont, 
Allegheny County. 

Dr. Joseph A. Reed appointed x\pril i, 1857 ; died November 6, 

T884. 
Dr. Henry A, Hutchinson appointed January 15, 1885. 

State Hospital for the Insane, Danville. 
Dr, S. S. Schultz appointed May 21, 1868. 

State Hospital for the Insane, Norristown. 

This institution was started with a double organization, a male 
physician in charge of the wards for the men, and a female phy~ 
sician in charge of the wards for the women. It was opened 
July 12, 1880. 
Dr. R. H. Chase appointed May 20, 1880, to the charge of the 

male wards. 
Dr. Alice Bennett appointed May 20, 1880, to the charge of the 

female wards. 

State Hospital for the Insane, Warren — Opened Decem- 
ber I, 1880. 

Dr. D. D. Richardson appointed January 21, 1880; resigned 

July I, 1881. 
Dr. John Curwen appointed June 24, 1881. 

Burn Br.k, Kellvville. 
Dr. R. A. Given, January 26, i860. 



igo 



MARYLAND. 

Maryland Hospital, Baltimore. 

"The old Maryland Hospital was organized by Drs. Smith 
and Mackenzie in 1797. It was intended for a few lunatics, and 
as a general Hospital ; as the city increased it was necessary to 
enlarge it, and it was extended in 1807, so as to accommodate a 
larger number of general patients and forty lunatics. At this 
time it was leased to Drs. Smith and Mackenzie, who attended 
all the patients and regulated every department. It was a private 
establishment until 1864, when the lease expired. The Legisla- 
ture had appointed a board with power to appoint officers in 
1828, which was done, and Dr. R. S. Steuart was appointed 
Medical Superintendent under the name of President, but did 
not until January, 1834, assume full authority. Dr. Steuart did 
not reside in the house, but visited daily for some time ; but find- 
ing it necessary to have assistance, engaged five medical men to 
join in the medical administration of the house. This continued 
one year when a medical attendant was appointed. Dr. Wm. H. 
Stokes, who served one year. Dr. William Fisher became Resi- 
dent Physician in 1836, remained four years, wlien his health 
failing he was relieved for eight months by Dr. H. Starr. Dr. 
Fisher continued until June, 1846, when Dr. John Fonerden was 
appointed." 

Dr. John Fonerden died May 6, 1869. 
Dr, A\'illiam F. Steuart appointed June 9, 1869. 

The patients were removed to the new hospital near Catons- 
ville in July, 1872. 

Dr. William F. Steuart resigned August, 1873. 
Dr. John S. Conrad appointed August, 1873. 

In 1876, the Hospital management was reorganized and a 
Board of nine members appointed by the Governor superseded 
the former self-perpetuated board with its Medical President who 
really acted as Superintendent. The office of Medical Superin- 
tendent replaced that of Resident Physician and 



Dr. J. S. Conrad was appointed and assumed charge July 7, 

1876 ; resigned March 14, 1878. 
Ur. Richard Gundry appointed June i, 1878. 

Mt. Hope Retreat, Baltimore. 

Dr. W'ilh'am H. Stokes appointed September 21, 1842. 



DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. 

Government Hospital for the Insane — January 15, 1855. 

Dr. Charles H. Nichols appointed October, 1852 ; resigned 

August, 1877. 
Dr. W. W. Godding appointed September i, 1877. 



VIRGINIA. 

Eas'jern Luna'jic Asylum, Williamsburg — Sept. 14, 1773. 

•'Mr. James Gait was appointed keeper on September 14, 1773, 
and continued in office till the time of his death in 1801, and 
was suceeded by his son, William T. Gait, who continued in 
office till his death in 1826. Jesse Cole was appointed keeper 
in 1826 and resigned the same year \ was succeeded by Dickie 
Gait, who resigned January i, 1837; succeeded by Henry 
Edloe, who resigned within a year after being appointed ; suc- 
ceeded by Philip Barziza, who continued in office till July, 
1 88 1, at which time he was elected Steward of the Asylum, 
the functions of keeper and physician being henceforward 
united in one office." 

Dr. John Siqueyra was appointed physician to the Asylum Octo- 
ber 12, 1773, and resigned February 10, 1795, when Drs. Gait 
and Barrand were appointed physicians and continued in that 



192 

capacity until 1808, when Dr. Alexander Dickie Gait was ap- 
pointed and continued till 1841, when he was gucceeded by 
his son Dr. John Minson Gait, who died in 1862. 

In charge of the United States Government from 1862 to the 
fall of 1865, when 

Dr. Leonard Henley was appointed Physician. 

Dr. R. M. Garrett was appointed February, 1866 ; removed 1867. 

Dr. A. Peticolas appointed 1867 ; died November 28. 1868. 

Dr. John Clopton acted as Superintendent until 

Dr. D. R. Brower was appointed January 9, 1869 ; resigned No- 
vember 17, 1875. 

Dr. Harvey Black appointed November 17, 1875 ; removed March 
9, 1882. 

Dr. Richard A. Wise appointed March 9, 1882 ; removed April 
16, 1884. 

Dr. J. D. Moncure appointed April 16, 1884. 

Central Lunatic Asylum, Richmond. 

Dr. David Burr Conrad appointed July, 1870; resigned Novem- 
ber, 1873. 

Dr. Randolph Barksdale appointed November, 1873; removed 
March 9, 1882. 

Dr. Brooks succeeded him, but only lived about eighteen days 
after his election. 

Dr. David F. May appointed April 11, 1882 ; removed April 23, 
1884. 

Dr. Randolph Barksdale appointed April 23, 1884. 

Western Lunatic Asylum, Staunton — July, 1828. 

Dr. Francis T. Stribling appointed Visiting Physician in May, 

1836, and Superintendent and Physician in 1841 ; died July 

23, 1874.. 
Dr. R. F. Baldwin appointed October i, 1874; died November 

14, 1879. 
Dr. A. M. Fauntleroy a])pointed December 11, 1879; removed 

March 9, 1882. 



19.3 

Dr. R, S. Hamilton appointed March 9, 1882; removed April 

15, 18S4. 
Di\ A. i\L Fauntleroy re-appointed April 15, 1884. 



WEST VIRGINIA. 

Hospital for the Insane, Weston. 

Dr. R. Hills appointed November i, 1864 ; resigned July i, 1871. 
Dr. J, B. Camden appointed July i, 187 1 ; resigned May 16, 

1881. 
Dr. W. J. Bland appointed May 16, 1881. 



NORTH CAROLINA. 

Asylum for the Insane, Raleigh. 

Dr. Edward C. Fisher appointed Superintendent of Construc- 
tion, September 15, 1853, and Superintendent and Physician 
in February, 1856 ; resigned July 7, 1868. 

Dr. Eugene Grissom appointed July 7, 1868, 

Eastern North Carolina Insane Asylum, Goldsboro. 

Dr. W, H. Moore appointed August i, 1880 ; died Decemlier. 

r88i. 
Dr. J. D. Roberts appointed January r, 1882. 

Western North Carolina Insane Asylum, Morganjown. 

Dr. P. L. Murphy appointed December 9, 1882. 



SOUTH CAROLINA. 

Lunatic Asylum, Columbia — 1827. 

Dr. John W. Parker ai)pointed December 24, 1836, previous to 
which the patients were attended by a visiting physician ; re- 
moved August 5, 1870. 



194 
Dr. J. T. Ensor appointed August 5, 1870; resigned January i- 

1878. 
Dr. P. E. Griffin appointed January i, 1878. 



GEORGIA. 

Lunatic Asylum, Milledgeville. 

This Institution was opened for the reception of patients Octo- 
ber 12, 1842. Dr. David Cooper was the first Superintendent 
and on account of feeble health resigned, and 

Dr. Thomas F. Green was appointed January i, 1846; died 
February 13, 1879. 

Dr. J. O. Powell appointed February 13, 1879. 



ALABAMA. 

Hospital for the Insane, Tuscaloosa. 
Dr. P. Price appointed July i860, 

MISSISSIPPI.. 

Lunatic Asylum, Jackson. 

Records of the Institution destroyed during the war. 
Dr. W. S. Langley appointed in 1855 ; resigned in 1857. 
Dr. W. B. Williamson appointed in 1857 ; resigned in 1859. 
Dr. Robert Kells appointed in 1859 ; resigned in 1866. 
Dr. A. B. Cabaniss appointed in 1866; resigned in 1869. 
Dr. W. M. Deacon appointed in 1869 : resigned in 1870. 
Dr. Wm. M. Compton appointed in 1870 ; resigned May 3, 187S. 
Dr. T. J. Mitchell appointed May 3, 1878. 



195 

LOUISIANA. 

Lknatic Asylum, Jackson — Nov. 23, 1848. 

William Collins was elected Superintendent and Dr. Selby 
Physician. Collins remained about nine months and in 184S 
James King was elected in his place. In 1853, Edward C. Power 
was elected Superintendent in place of J. King. In 1854, Dr. 
Maybury was elected in place of Mr. Power. In 1856 James 
King was again elected. In 1856, Dr. J. D. BarkduU was elect- 
ed and remained Superintendent until February, 1865, when he 
was deliberately shot and killed in the street in Jackson by a 
United States soldier. Mr. James King was again elected Su- 
perintendent and entered on the duties April i, 1865, Dr. P. 
Pond was elected Physician in December, 1848, held the place 
about six years until Dr. Maybury was elected Superintendent ; 
was again elected in April, 1865. 
Dr. Pond resigned. 
Dr. L. A. Burgess. 
Dr. J. W^elch Jones, aj^pointed March 17, 1874. 



TEXAS. 

Lunatic Asylum, Austin. 

Dr. J. C, Perry was appointed Superintendent by Gov. E. M. 

Pease, who was Governor in May 27, 1857. 
Dr. C. G. Keenan was appointed by Gov. H. R. Runnels in 

February 13, 1858, and during this time the erection of a 

portion of the present building was commenced. 

" Sam Houston, who was elected Governor in 1859, appointed 
Dr. B. Graham in January 9, i860, and under his supervision 
the present buildings and improvements were completed. About 
March 11, 1861, the institution was formally opened and during 
that month five or six patients were admitted. The secession 



196 

convention meeting about that tin^e imposed such conditions up- 
on the Governor and other State officers, as they were unwilling 
to agree to, and Lieut. Gov. E. Clark, having assumed the gu- 
bernatorial chair, reappointed Dr. C. G. Keenan, who retained 
the position during Clark's term of office. F. Lubbock suc- 
ceeding Clark as Governor in November, 1861, appointed J. M. 
Steiner Superintendent November i, 1861, who remained in 
charge of the institution during the rebellion. August 21, 1865, 
General A. J. Hamilton, who was appointed Military Governor 
of Texas, appointed Dr. B. Graham September 9, 1865. But 
upon another change of State officers in 1S66, Gov. Throckmor- 
ton appointed Dr. W. P. Beall Superintendent August 20, 1886. 
Upon the re-establishment of a military government Aug. 1867, 
Gov. Pease reappointed August 23, 1867, 
Dr. B. Graham, who resigned March 27, 1870. 
Dr. J. A. Corby appointed March 27, 1870; resigned March i, 

1871. 
Dr. G. F. Weisselberg appointed March i, 1871 j resigned Feb- 
ruary 10, 1874. 
Dr. D. R. Wallace appointed February 10, 1874; resigned A[)ril 

18, 1879. 
Dr. W. E. Saunders appointed A])ril 18, 1S79 ; resigned May 14, 

1881. 
Dr. L. J. Graham appointed May 14, 1881 ; resigned January 

20, 1883. 
Dr. A. N. Denton appointed January 20, 1883. 



ARKANSAS. 
State Lunatic Asylu:m, Little Rock. 
Dr. C. C. Forbes appointed November t, 1882. 

TENNESSEE. 

Hospital for the Insane, Nashville. 

Dr. John S. McNairy appointed January i, 1845 ; died August 
18, 1849. 



197 
Dr. John S. Young appointed January i, 1849 ; resigned March 

I, 1852. 
Dr. \Vm. A. Cheatham appointed March i, 1852 ; removed July 

25, 1862. 
Dr. Wm. P. Jones appointed July 25, 1862 ; resigned January i, 

1870. 
Dr. J. H. Callender appointed January r, 1870. 



KENTUCKY. 

Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Lexington — 1824. 

Lentil 1844, the internal management and control of the pa- 
tients was confided to a person known as head keeper, the pre- 
vailing idea being that the object of the asylum was in a great 
measure merely custodial. 
Dr. J. R. Allen assumed the duties of First Superintendent on 

March i, 1844, and held the office for a period of ten years. 
Dr. William S. Chipley appointed April i, 1855 ; resigned De- 
cember, 1869. 
Dr. John W. Whitney appointed December, 1869 ; resigned 

April, 1873. 
llie name of the Institution was changed in 1873 to First Ken- 
tucky Lunatic Asylum. 
Dr. George Syng Bryant appointed April, 1873 ; died June, 1875. 
Dr. R. C. Chenault ai>pointed June 30, 1875 ; resigned May i, 

1880. 
Dr. A. W. Bartlett appointed May i, 1880 ; resigned February 

I, 1881. 
Dr. W. O. Bullock appointed February i, 1881 ; resigned Octo- 
ber I, 1883. 
Dr. R. C. Chenault appointed October i, 1883. 
Name changed to Eastern Kentucky Lunatic Asylum in 1876. 

Western Lunatic Asylum, Hopkinsville. 

Dr. Samuel Annan was appointed by the Governor of Kentucky 
for four years from April i, 1854. 



Dr. F. G. Montgomery was elected by the Board of Trustees 

April I, 1858. 
Dr. James Rodman appointed June i., 1863. 

Third Kentucky Lunatc Asylum, Frankford. 

Dr. E. H. Black appointed April, 1873. 

The Institution was changed in February, 1874, and restored 
to its original purpose, an Institution for the education and 
treatment of feeble minded children. 

Fourth Kentucky Lunatic Asylum, Anchorage. 

Dr. C. C. Forbes appointed April, 1873. 

Name changed in 1874 to Central Kentucky Lunatic Asylum. 
Dr. C. C. Forbes resigned September i, 1879. 
Dr. R. H. Gale appointed September 16, 1879 ; resigned May 2, 

1884. 
Dr. H. K. Pusey appointed May 2, 1884. 



OHIO. 

Lunatic Asylum, Columbus. 

Dr. VVm. M. Awl appointed May 21, 1838; resigned July i, 

1850. 
Dr. S. Hanbury Smith appointed July i, 1850; resigned July i, 

1852. 
Dr. Elijah Kendrick appointed July i, 1852 ; resigned July i. 

1854. 
Dr. George E. Eels appointed July i, 1854; resigned July i, 
• 1856. 

Dr. R. Hills appointed July i, 1856; resigned November i, 1864. 
Dr. Wm. L. Peck appointed November i, 1864; resigned April 

1874. 

The institution was under the care of a building commission 



199 
from the date of Dr. Peck's resignation until the appointment of 
Dr. Richard Gundry November 9, 1876 ; resigned May 16, 1878. 
Dr. L. Firestone appointed ]\Iay 16, 1878 ; resigned March 15, 

1881. 
Dr. H. C. Rutter appointed ?slarch 15, 18S1 ; resigned November 

22, 1883. 
Dr. Thomas R. Potter appointed November 22, 1883 ; resigned 

April 17, 1884. 
Dr. C. M. Finch appointed April 23, 1884. 

Asylum for the Insane, Newburgh — March 5, 1855. 

Dr. L. Firestone appointed December i, 1854; resigned August 

5, 1855. 
Dr. R. C. Hopkins appointed May 8, 1855 ; resigned December 

I, 1857- 

Dr. Jacob Laisy appointed February 24, 1857 ; resigned October 

II, 1857. 

Dr. O. C. Kendrick appointed October 11, 1857 ; resigned Nov. 

I, 1864. 
Dr. W. M. Wythes appointed November 2, 1864 ; resigned Aug. 

I, 1865. 
Dr. Byron Stanton appointed Aug. i, 1865 ; resigned May, 1869. 
Dr. J. M. Lewis appointed May, 1869 ; resigned April i, 1874. 
Dr. Lewis Stuper appointed April i, 1874 ; resigned August, 1875. 
Dr. J. Strong appointed November 19, 1875. 

Asylum for the Insane, Dayton — Sept. i, 1855. 

Dr. J. Clements appointed Sept. i, 1855 ; resigned May i, 1856. 
Dr. J. J. Mcllhenny appointed May i, 1856; time expired May 

I, 1862. 
Dr. R. Gundry appointed April 15, 1862 ; resigned June 15, 1872. 
Dr. H. B. Nunemacher acting Superintendent until Aug. i, 1872. 
Dr. S. J. F. Miller appointed August i, 1872; resigned June 15, 

1873. 
Dr. H. C. Rutter acting Superintendent until March i, 1874. 



Dr. John H. Clark appointed March i, 1S74 ; resigned March 

15, 1876. 
Dr. J. R. Landfear appointed Mirch 15, 1875 ; resigned April 

15, 1878. 
Dr. D. A. Morse appointed April 15, 1878; resigned July 15.. 

1880. 
Dr. H. A. Tobey appointed July 15, i88o ; resigned July 15, 

1884. 
Dr. C. W. King appointed July 15, 1884. 

Asylum for the Insane, Athens. 

Dr. Richard Gundry appointed June 16, 1872 ; resigned Dec. 19,, 

1876. 
Dr. Thomas Blackstone acting Superintendent until January 17, 

1877, when Dr. Charles L. Wilson was elected, but declared 

ineligible by the courts on account of non^residence, and Dr. 

Thomas Blackstone was again appointed acting Superintendent 

on March 20, 1877. 
Dr. H. C. Rutter appointed March 30, 1877 ; resigned April 26, 

1878. 
Dr. P. H. Clarke appointed April 26, 1878 ; resigned April 19, 

1879. 
Dr. VV. H. Holden appointed April 19, 1879 'y resigned May 6, 

1880. 
Dr. H. C. Rutter appointed May 6, 1880; resigned March 15, 

1881. 
Dr. A. B. Richardson appointed ]vlarch 15, 1881. 

Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill, Ohio. 

Dr. Wm. L. Peck appointed June, 1874 : resigned August, 1875. 
Dr. VVm. S. Chipley appointed August, 1875 ;died Feb. 11, 1880. 
Dr. O. Everts appointed February 12, 1880. 

Longview Asylum, Carthacje — January, i860. 

At Lick Run Asylum, Dr. J. J. Quinn was appointed in 1853 
when the insane were removed from the Commercial Hospital. 



Dr, Langdon was appointed in 1S56, and Dr. Wai. Mount in 
1859, who continued in charge until the removal of the insane 
to Longview Asylum in May, i860, when the Lick Run Asylum 
was closed. 
Dr. O. M. Langdon appointed November 10, 1859 ; resigned 

October 27, 1870. 
Dr. W. H, Reynolds appointed December 14, 1870; resigned 

June 10, 1871. 
Dr. Joseph T. Webb appointed June 10, 1871 ; resigned July 10, 

1874. 
Dr. Wm. H. Bunker appointed July 10, 1874 ; resigned April 

17, 1878. 
Dr. C. A. Miller appointed April 17, 1878. 



1NDL\NA. 

Hospital for the Insane, Indianapolis. 

Dr. John Evans was appointed first Superintendent and continued 

in office about one year. 
Dr. R. J. Patterson appointed July 1, 1848; resigned June 1, 

1853- 
Dr. James S. Athon appointed June i, 1853 ; resigned Nov. 13, 

1861. 
Dr. J. H. Woodburn appointed October 31, 1861 3 resigned 

February 7, 1865. 
Dr. "Wilson Lockhart appointed February 7, 1865 ; resigned 

November 10, 1868. 
Dr. Orpheus Everts appointed November 10, 1868 ; resigned 

June 7, 1879. 
Dr. Joseph G. Rogers appointed June 7, 1879 '> resigned June '] - 

1883. 
Dr. W. B. Fletcher appointed June 7, 1883. 



ILLINOIS. 
Hospital for the Insane, Jacksonville, 

Dr. J. M. Higgins appointed August 12, 1848 ;. resigned June 9- 

1853. 
Dr. Andrew McFarland appointed June 16, 1854; resigned 

December 8, 1869. 
Dr. H. F. Cariiel appointed June 8, 1870. 

Northern Illinois Hospital for the Insane, Elgin. 
Dr. Edwin A. Kilbourne appointed September 14, 1871. 
Southern Illinois Hospital for the Insane, Anna. 

Dr. A. T. Barnes appointed September 23, 1873 ; resigned July 

6, 1878. 
Dr. H. Wardner appointed August 6, 1878. 

Illinois Eastern Hospital for the Insane, Kankakee — 
Nov. 25, 1879. 

Dr. R. S. Dewey appointed June 13, 1879, 

Bellevue Place, Batavia — 1867. 
Dr. R. J, Patterson. 

Oak Lawn Retreat, Jacksonville. 
Dr. Andrew McFarland, May 10, 1872. 



MICHIGAN. 

Michigan Asylum for the Insane, Kalamazoo— April, 1859. 

Dr. E. H. Van Deusen appointed October 19, 1855 ; resigned 

March i, 1878. 
Dr: Geo. C. Palmer appointed March i, 1878. 



203 

Eastern Michigan Asylum, Pontiac — August i, 1878. 
Dr. Henry M. Hurd appointed March 29, 1878. 

WISCONSIN. 

Hospital for the Insane, Mendgta. 

Dr. J. Edwards Lee appointed June 22, 1859 ; resigned May, 

i860. 
Dr. J. R. Clement appointed May 22, i860 ; resigned January i, 

1864. 
Dr. A. H. Van Nostrand appointed April 20, 18643 resigned 

June 6, 1868. 
Dr. Alexander S. McDill appointed June 1868 : resigned October 

1872. 
Dr. Mark Ranney appointed April 29, 1873 ; resigned March 31, 

1875. 
Dr. Alexander S. McDill appointed April i, 1875 ; died Nov. 12, 

1875- 
Dr. D. F. Broughton appointed January, 1876; resigned June 

30, 1881. 
Dr. R. M. Wigginton appointed July i, 1881 ; transferred to 

Northern Hospital July i, 1884. 
Dr. S. B. Buckmaster ap]3ointed July i, 1884. 

Northern Hospital p^or the Insane, Winnebago. 

Dr. Walter Kempster appointed January i, 1873 ; resigned July 

I, 1884. 
Dr. R. M. Wigginton appointed July i, 1884. 



IOWA. 

Hospital for the Insane, Mt. Pleasant — March i, 1861. 

Dr. R. J. Patterson appointed July 6, i860; resigned October i, 
1865. 



204 

Dr. Mark Ranney appointed (3ctober i, 1855 ; resigned July 16, 

1873- 
Dr. H. M. Bassett appointed Dec. 4, 1873 i i"esigned July i. 1875. 
Dr. Mark Ranney appointed July i, 1873 ; died Jan. 31, 1882. 
Dr. H. A. Oilman appointed July 25, 1882. 

Hospital for the Insane, Independence — May i, 1873. 

Dr. Albert Reynolds appointed October 3, 1872 ; resigned Oct. 

6, 1881. 
Dr. Gershom H. Hill appointed October 6, 1881. 



MISSOURI. 

Asylum for the Insane No. i, Fulton. 

Dr. T. R. H. Smith appointed April, 1851 ; resigned February 

II, 1865. 
Dr. Rufus Abbot appointed March i, 1865 ; resigned March i, 

1867. 
Dr. Charles H. Hughes appointed March i, 1867 ; resigned May 

29, 1872. 
Dr. Thomas A. Howard appointed May 29, 1872 ; resigned Oct. 

10, 1872. 
Dr. T. R. H. Smith appointed December 22, 1872. 

Lunatic Asylum No. 2, St. Joseph's. 
Dr. George C. Catlett appointed 1874. 

County Lunatic Asylum, St. Louis. 

Dr. Turner R. H. Smith was first appointed October 4, 1867, 
but the order of his appointment was rescinded at the next 
meeting October 7, 1867. 

Dr. Charles W. Stevens was appointed February 6, 18.68, and re- 
appointed February 19, 1872. 



205 

l^r. Charles ^W Stevens sent his resignation to the Court July 22, 
1S72, which was accepted July 25, 1872, to take effect August 

15. 1872, 

lh\ Turner R. H, Smith was appointed July 25, 1872, to take 

effect August 15, 1S72, 
Dr. Smith resigned January 6, 1873, 
Dr. Wm. B. Hazard was appointed January 16, 1873; reap- 

|)ointed February 24, 1873 3 dismissed March 19, iSj^. 
Dr. H. S. Fichtenkaro-p was appointed Resident Physician Feb. 

2, 1874. 
Dr. Jerome K. Bauduy was appointed Visiting Physician Feb. 

16, 1874, and resigned January 11, 1875. 

Dr. H. S. Leffingwell was appointed A^isiting Physician July 13, 
1874. 

Dr. N. DeV. Howard was appointed Resident Physician and Dr. 
E. S. Frazer Visiting Physician February i, 1875. 

Dr. N. DeV. Howard was reappointed Resident Physician and 
Dr. E. S. Frazer Visiting Physician January 31, 1876. 

Dr. Charles W„ Stevens was appointed Resident Physician Jan. 
29, 1877. 

Dr. N. DeV. Howard was reinstated by Mayor Overslotz and re- 
signed finally in April, 1883. 

Dr. Charles W. Stevens was appointed again and confirmed Nov. 
6, 1883. 

(From the Records of the City Register'' s office,) 



MINNESOTA. 

Hospital for the Insane, St. Petep. 

Dr. Samuel E. Shantz appointed October 2, 1866 ; died August 

22, 1868. 
Dr. C. K. Bartlett appointed November 6, 1868. 

Second Minnesota Hospital for the Insane, Rochester — 
Opened January i, 1879. 

Dr. Jacob E. Bowers appointed December r, 1878. 



2o6 

NEBRASKA. 

Hospital for the Insane, Lincoln. 

Dr. Charles F. Stewart appointed Xovember 15; 187 1 ; resi'gned 

January i, 1875. 
Dr. David W. Scott appointed December 29, 1874: resigned 

February 27, 1875. 
Dr. F. G. Fuller appointed February 27, 1875 : resigned Nov. 

16, 1877. 
Dr. H. P. Mathewson appointed Xovember 16, 1877, 



KANSAS. 
Lunatic Asylum, Osawatomie — Ndv. t, 1S66. 

Dr. C. O. Gause appointed May 11. 1866; resigned Nov. 30. 

1871. 
Dr. C. P. Lee appointed Nov, i. 1871 ;. resigned Nov. 30, 1872. 
Dr. L. W. Jacobs appointed Nov. i, 1872: resigned Oct. i, 1873. 
Dr. A. H. Knapp appointed October i, 1873 : resigned March 

I, 1877. 
Dr. F. B. West acting Superintendent from March 2, 1877.. to 

November t, 1877. 
Dr. A. P. Tenney appointed Nov. i, 1877 ; resigned Nov. i, 

1878. 
Dr. A. H. Knapp appointed November 1, 1^78. 

Insane Asylum, Topeka — June i. 1879. 

Dr. B. D. Eastman appointed April i. 1879 : resigned June 30, 

1883. 
Dr. A. P. Tenney appointed July i. 1883. 



207 



CALIFORNIA. 

Insane Asylum, Stockton — July i, 1853. 

Dr, Robert R. Reed appointed July i, 1S53 : resigned October 

I, 1S56. 
Dr. Samuel Langdon appointed April 29, 1856 ; resigned August 

I, 1857. 
Dr. W. D. Aylett appointed August 13, 1857; resigned April 20, 

1861. 
Dr. \V. P. Tilden appointed April 20, 1861 ; resigned August i, 

1865. 
Dr. G. A. Shurtleff appointed August r, 1865 ; resigned Sept. i, 

1883. 
Dr. W. T. Browne appointed October 10, 1883. 

State Asylum for the Insane, Napa— No y. 15, 1875. 

Dr. E. T. Wilkins appointed jNIarch 16, 1876, 

Pacific Asylum 

Was established at Woodbridge, San Joaquim County, Califor- 
nia, July 15, 1871, removed to Stockton September 15, 1877. 
Dr. Asa Clark. 



OREGON. 

Hospital for the Insane, East Portland, Ore{;on, 

A private Institution caring for State patients. Opened Dec. 1, 

1862. 
Dr. J. C. Hawthorne died February i, i88j. 
Dr. S. E. Joseph! appointed March, 1881. 

On the removal of the Insane to the State Hospital at Salem. 
October 23, 1883, the institution ceased to exist. 



2o8 . 
Oregon State Insane Asylum, Salem — Oct. 23, 1883. 
Dr. H. Carpenter appointed September i, 1883, 

INSTITUTIONS IN THE BRITISH PROVINCES. 

Asylum for the Insane, Toronto — Opened January, 1841. 

Dr. Rees. 

Dr. Telfer. 

Di'. Parke. 

Dr. Primrose. 

Dr. Scott. 

Dr. Joseph Workman appointed July i, 1853 J resigned July 19, 

1875- 
Dr. Daniel Clark appointed Nov. 18, 1875. 

Asylum for the Insane, Kingston. 

Dr. J. R. Litchfield appointed March, 1865 ; died Dec. 18, 1868. 

Dr. J. R. Dickson appointed November, 1868; resigned Decem- 
ber 31, 1878; died November 23, 1882. 

Dr. W. G. Metcalf appointed July i, 1879, having been Acting- 
Superintendent during Dr. Dickson's illness from April i, 
■1878, to the day of his resignation and then to the date of his 
appointment. 

Asylum for the Insane, London. 

The Asylum at /\.mherstburg was made separate from the Asylum 
at Toronto, September 25, 1861, 
Dr. Andrew Fisher resigned June, 1868. 
Dr. Henry Lander appointed June, 1868, and the patients were 

all removed to the new Asylum at London, November, 1870. 

Dr. Lander died January 6, 1877. 
Dr. R. M. Biicke appointed February 15, 1877. 



209 

Asylum for the Insane, Hamilton. 

Dr. R. M. Bucke appointed January i, 1876. Transferred to 

London February 13, 1877. 
Dr. J. M. Wallace appointed February 13, 1877. 

Quebec Funatic Asylum, Proprietary. 

Drs. James Douglas ; Joseph Morrin and Charles J. Fremont 

were its first founders and proprietors. 

They fitted up for the cure and maintenance of the insane in 
1845 a large building which they leased in the parish of Beau- 
port. The present buildings were erected in the parish of St. 
Rock, on the road leading to the parish of Beauport, in 1848. 
Since then the establishment has been very much enlarged and a 
new one for male patients erected. The present proprietors are : 
Dr. F. E. Roy. 
Ph. Landry, M. P. 
Dr. Ant. La Rue. 

Provinciat, Lunatic Asylum, St. John, New Brunswick. 

Opened by Dr. G. P. Peters December 12, 1848. 
Dr. John Waddell appointed December i, 1849; resigned Oct. 

31^ 1875. 
Dr. J. T. Steeves appointed November i, 1875. 

Nova Scotia Hospital for the Insane, Halifax — Opened 
Dec. 25, 1858. 

Dr. James R. DeWolf appointed May 17, 1857 ; resigned April 

I, 1878. 
Dr. A. P. Reid appointed April i, 1878. 

Hospital for the Insane, St. Johns, Newfoundland. 

Dr. Henry H. Stabb appointed 1847. 



Hospital for the Insane, Charlottetown, Prince Edward 

Island. 



Dr. Mackieson appointed 1848 ; resigned 1874. 
Dr. E. S. Blanchard appointed August 1874. 

Provincial Lunatic Asylum, St. Johns, Quebec. 

Dr. Henry Howard. 



I 



